Types of Nutrients

Description

Mind Map on Types of Nutrients, created by Addeana on 08/21/2014.
Addeana
Mind Map by Addeana, updated more than 1 year ago
Addeana
Created by Addeana over 10 years ago
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Resource summary

Types of Nutrients
  1. Essential Nutrients (1)
    1. H2O
      1. Carbohydrates
        1. Digested by, Saliva, Gastirc juices, intestinal enzymesm pancreatic juices
          1. Absorbed as Glucose, Fructose, Galactose
            1. Fructose, Galactose --> Convert to glucose in Liver
            2. For production of ATP
            3. Lipids
              1. Insouble in water
                1. Organic compunds
                  1. Triglycerides
                    1. Most common = Fats and Oils
                      1. For protection, insulation, energy storage
                      2. Steroids
                        1. Cholesterol, Bile salts, Vitamin D, Some Hormones
                          1. Minor component in cell membrane.
                          2. Prostaglandins
                            1. Hormones that control behaviour of neighbouring cells
                              1. Modify response to hormones, blood clotting, inflammation, immunity, HCL secretion, airwaydiameter,lipid breakdown, smooth muscle contraction, pain
                              2. Phospholipds
                                1. Major lipid component for cell membranes
                                2. Fatty Acids
                                  1. Synthesis of Triglycerids and Phospholipids
                                    1. Catabolised to generate ATP
                                    2. Digested by?
                                      1. Fatty lipids emulsified by bile salts
                                        1. Digested by pancreatic enzyme (lipase) that is activated in small intestine
                                      2. Absorbed as?
                                        1. Fatty Acids
                                          1. Monoglycerides
                                          2. Transportation
                                            1. Lipids= Hydrophobic
                                              1. Lipids join hydrophillic proteins to make Lipoproteins which are soluble
                                                1. Outer shell = Phospholipids, cholesterol
                                                  1. Inner core = triglycerides, lipids
                                                    1. To act as a transporter or carrier for lipids in the blood.
                                                      1. Types of Lipioprotein
                                                        1. HDL = high density lipoprotein
                                                          1. Best Lipoprotein
                                                            1. Remove excess cholesterol from body cells --> transport to liver for elimination
                                                            2. LDL = low density lipoprotein
                                                              1. Bad Lipoprotein
                                                                1. Carry 75% total blood cholesterol and distribute to cells in body
                                                                  1. High number of LDL's = deposit cholesterol to artery walls
                                                                  2. VLDL = very low density lipoprotein
                                                                    1. Very Bad lipoprotein
                                                                      1. Triglycerides and cholesterol to fat cells for storage - also related to heart disease
                                                            3. Proteins
                                                              1. Digested by?
                                                                1. enzymes produces in the stomach and the pancreas
                                                                  1. Pancreatic enzymes only activate in the small intestine
                                                                2. Absorbed as amino acids
                                                                  1. Used for?
                                                                    1. enter body cells by active/passive transport
                                                                      1. inside cells, amino acids synthesized into proteins like
                                                                        1. Enzymes
                                                                          1. Antibodies
                                                                            1. plasma proteins
                                                                              1. hormones
                                                                                1. contractile proteins
                                                                                  1. structural proteins
                                                                                    1. neurotransmitter molecules
                                                                                      1. or converts to fat, stored for energy
                                                                                2. Minerals
                                                                                  1. Inorganic substances
                                                                                    1. body require small amounts for a variety of body functions
                                                                                      1. Some minerals?
                                                                                        1. Calcium
                                                                                          1. Formation of bones, blood clotting, nerve function, enzyme reaction, muscle contraction
                                                                                          2. Phosphorous
                                                                                            1. Formation of bones, buffer systems, muscle contraction, nerve activity
                                                                                            2. Iron
                                                                                              1. Required = enzyme reactions, RBC formation and function
                                                                                              2. Magnesium
                                                                                                1. Normal function = muscle, nerve tissue. Bone formation, constituent of some co-enzymes
                                                                                                2. Sodium
                                                                                                  1. Efffects water distibution, buffer system, actiona potentiols for neutrons (conduction), muscle tissue
                                                                                                  2. Potassium
                                                                                                    1. Conduction --> action potentiols in meurons and muscle tissue
                                                                                                    2. Iodine
                                                                                                      1. Thyroid hormone synthesis
                                                                                                      2. Zinc
                                                                                                        1. Growht, wound healing (Mitosis), Gustation, Appetite, reproductive function, protein digestion
                                                                                                        2. Flouride
                                                                                                          1. Imrpove teeth structure (That's why it is present in toothpaste and some water)
                                                                                                        3. excessive amounts are excreted, some are stored
                                                                                                        4. Vitamins
                                                                                                          1. Organic Nutrients
                                                                                                            1. Growth and normal metabolism
                                                                                                              1. No energy
                                                                                                                1. Ingested in food, cannot be synthesised by the body
                                                                                                                  1. Varied diet needed - vitamins do not all come from one single food.
                                                                                                                    1. Divided to 2 main groups, based on solubility
                                                                                                                      1. Fat-soluble vitamins
                                                                                                                        1. absorbed along with other lipids in small intestine
                                                                                                                          1. Stored in cells (mostly in Hepatocytes)
                                                                                                                            1. include Vitamnis D,E,K,A
                                                                                                                              1. Vit K
                                                                                                                                1. Synthesis clotting factors
                                                                                                                                  1. Spinach, cauliflower, cabbage, liver
                                                                                                                                  2. Vit A
                                                                                                                                    1. Anti oxidant, formation of photoreceptors, bone growth, epithelial cells health.
                                                                                                                                      1. Orange, Yellow, Grenn Veges (Carotene present), Liver , Milk
                                                                                                                                      2. Vit E
                                                                                                                                        1. Wound healing, Scarring prevention, nervous sytem function, RNA,DNA,RIBS, formation
                                                                                                                                          1. Nuts, Wheat germ,Seed oils, Green leaf veges.
                                                                                                                                          2. Vit D
                                                                                                                                            1. Absorption of Ca2+, Phosphorous from GI tract and mantain Ca2+
                                                                                                                                              1. Fish Liver Oil,Egg Yolk, Foritfied Milk
                                                                                                                                          3. Water-soluble vitamins
                                                                                                                                            1. absorbed along with H2O in GI tract and dissolve with body fluids
                                                                                                                                              1. Excess amount ecreted in urine
                                                                                                                                                1. Body does not store it well
                                                                                                                                                  1. Include Vitamin B,C
                                                                                                                                                    1. Vit B1 (Thiamine)
                                                                                                                                                      1. Coenzyme=carbohydrate metabolism, sythesis acetylcholine
                                                                                                                                                        1. Whole Grain,Eggs,Pork,Nuts,Liver,Yeast
                                                                                                                                                        2. Vit C (Absorbic Acid)
                                                                                                                                                          1. Protein Synthesis, Connective tissue Collagen, antioxidant, wound healing
                                                                                                                                                            1. Citrus fruits, tomatoes, Green vegetables
                                                                                                                                                            2. Vit B2 (Riboflavin)
                                                                                                                                                              1. Coenzyme= Carbohydrate and protein metabolism
                                                                                                                                                                1. Yeast,Liver,Read meat,eggs, whole grain,peas,peanuts,beets,asparagus
                                                                                                                                                                2. Vit B12
                                                                                                                                                                  1. RBC formation
                                                                                                                                                                    1. Liver, Kidney, milk, eggs,cheese,meat
                                                                                                                                                            3. Antioxidant Vitamins
                                                                                                                                                              1. Include C,E,Beta-carotene (form of A)
                                                                                                                                                                1. Vit A
                                                                                                                                                                  1. Anti oxidant, formation of photoreceptors, bone growth, epithelial cells health.
                                                                                                                                                                2. Inactivate O2 free Radicals
                                                                                                                                                                  1. Radicals - Highly reactive particles that carry unpaired e-
                                                                                                                                                                    1. Damage cell membranes, DNA, contribute to atherosclerotic plaques
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Cell injury/ from hazards e.g. tobacco or radiation
                                                                                                                                                                    2. Protect against cancer, ageing, cataract formation, atherosclerotic plaque formation
                                                                                                                                                                    3. Folic Acid
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Pregnancy, Meiosis
                                                                                                                                                                        1. RBC,WBC production, RNS,DNA synthesis
                                                                                                                                                                          1. Green leaf Veges, Broccoli,Asparagus,Bread,Dreid Beans, Citrus fruit.
                                                                                                                                                                        2. Chemical substances indigested, for body cells needed for growth, maintenance and repair.
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