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1174408
Types of Nutrients
Description
Mind Map on Types of Nutrients, created by Addeana on 08/21/2014.
Mind Map by
Addeana
, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by
Addeana
over 10 years ago
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Resource summary
Types of Nutrients
Essential Nutrients (1)
H2O
Carbohydrates
Digested by, Saliva, Gastirc juices, intestinal enzymesm pancreatic juices
Absorbed as Glucose, Fructose, Galactose
Fructose, Galactose --> Convert to glucose in Liver
For production of ATP
Lipids
Insouble in water
Organic compunds
Triglycerides
Most common = Fats and Oils
For protection, insulation, energy storage
Steroids
Cholesterol, Bile salts, Vitamin D, Some Hormones
Minor component in cell membrane.
Prostaglandins
Hormones that control behaviour of neighbouring cells
Modify response to hormones, blood clotting, inflammation, immunity, HCL secretion, airwaydiameter,lipid breakdown, smooth muscle contraction, pain
Phospholipds
Major lipid component for cell membranes
Fatty Acids
Synthesis of Triglycerids and Phospholipids
Catabolised to generate ATP
Digested by?
Fatty lipids emulsified by bile salts
Digested by pancreatic enzyme (lipase) that is activated in small intestine
Absorbed as?
Fatty Acids
Monoglycerides
Transportation
Lipids= Hydrophobic
Lipids join hydrophillic proteins to make Lipoproteins which are soluble
Outer shell = Phospholipids, cholesterol
Inner core = triglycerides, lipids
To act as a transporter or carrier for lipids in the blood.
Types of Lipioprotein
HDL = high density lipoprotein
Best Lipoprotein
Remove excess cholesterol from body cells --> transport to liver for elimination
LDL = low density lipoprotein
Bad Lipoprotein
Carry 75% total blood cholesterol and distribute to cells in body
High number of LDL's = deposit cholesterol to artery walls
VLDL = very low density lipoprotein
Very Bad lipoprotein
Triglycerides and cholesterol to fat cells for storage - also related to heart disease
Proteins
Digested by?
enzymes produces in the stomach and the pancreas
Pancreatic enzymes only activate in the small intestine
Absorbed as amino acids
Used for?
enter body cells by active/passive transport
inside cells, amino acids synthesized into proteins like
Enzymes
Antibodies
plasma proteins
hormones
contractile proteins
structural proteins
neurotransmitter molecules
or converts to fat, stored for energy
Minerals
Inorganic substances
body require small amounts for a variety of body functions
Some minerals?
Calcium
Formation of bones, blood clotting, nerve function, enzyme reaction, muscle contraction
Phosphorous
Formation of bones, buffer systems, muscle contraction, nerve activity
Iron
Required = enzyme reactions, RBC formation and function
Magnesium
Normal function = muscle, nerve tissue. Bone formation, constituent of some co-enzymes
Sodium
Efffects water distibution, buffer system, actiona potentiols for neutrons (conduction), muscle tissue
Potassium
Conduction --> action potentiols in meurons and muscle tissue
Iodine
Thyroid hormone synthesis
Zinc
Growht, wound healing (Mitosis), Gustation, Appetite, reproductive function, protein digestion
Flouride
Imrpove teeth structure (That's why it is present in toothpaste and some water)
excessive amounts are excreted, some are stored
Vitamins
Organic Nutrients
Growth and normal metabolism
No energy
Ingested in food, cannot be synthesised by the body
Varied diet needed - vitamins do not all come from one single food.
Divided to 2 main groups, based on solubility
Fat-soluble vitamins
absorbed along with other lipids in small intestine
Stored in cells (mostly in Hepatocytes)
include Vitamnis D,E,K,A
Vit K
Synthesis clotting factors
Spinach, cauliflower, cabbage, liver
Vit A
Anti oxidant, formation of photoreceptors, bone growth, epithelial cells health.
Orange, Yellow, Grenn Veges (Carotene present), Liver , Milk
Vit E
Wound healing, Scarring prevention, nervous sytem function, RNA,DNA,RIBS, formation
Nuts, Wheat germ,Seed oils, Green leaf veges.
Vit D
Absorption of Ca2+, Phosphorous from GI tract and mantain Ca2+
Fish Liver Oil,Egg Yolk, Foritfied Milk
Water-soluble vitamins
absorbed along with H2O in GI tract and dissolve with body fluids
Excess amount ecreted in urine
Body does not store it well
Include Vitamin B,C
Vit B1 (Thiamine)
Coenzyme=carbohydrate metabolism, sythesis acetylcholine
Whole Grain,Eggs,Pork,Nuts,Liver,Yeast
Vit C (Absorbic Acid)
Protein Synthesis, Connective tissue Collagen, antioxidant, wound healing
Citrus fruits, tomatoes, Green vegetables
Vit B2 (Riboflavin)
Coenzyme= Carbohydrate and protein metabolism
Yeast,Liver,Read meat,eggs, whole grain,peas,peanuts,beets,asparagus
Vit B12
RBC formation
Liver, Kidney, milk, eggs,cheese,meat
Antioxidant Vitamins
Include C,E,Beta-carotene (form of A)
Vit A
Anti oxidant, formation of photoreceptors, bone growth, epithelial cells health.
Inactivate O2 free Radicals
Radicals - Highly reactive particles that carry unpaired e-
Damage cell membranes, DNA, contribute to atherosclerotic plaques
Cell injury/ from hazards e.g. tobacco or radiation
Protect against cancer, ageing, cataract formation, atherosclerotic plaque formation
Folic Acid
Pregnancy, Meiosis
RBC,WBC production, RNS,DNA synthesis
Green leaf Veges, Broccoli,Asparagus,Bread,Dreid Beans, Citrus fruit.
Chemical substances indigested, for body cells needed for growth, maintenance and repair.
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