The defendant was an anesthetist for
an operation in which the patient died
after an oxygen tube became
disconnected. Doctors giving evidence in
the trial said that a competent anesthetist
would have noticed the disconnection of
the tube within 15 seconds, and that D's
failure to react was "abysmal".
There are four elements to gross
negligence manslaughter.
Existence of a duty of care towards
the victim
Adomako (1994)
The ordinary principles of negligence in the civil law
applied to ascertain whether there was a duty of
care, and whether that duty had been breached.
Donoghue and Stevenson (1932)
A duty of care is owed
to "persons so closely
and directly affected by
my act that I ought
reasonably to have
them in contemplation
as being so affected
when I am directing my
mind to the acts or
omissions which are
called into question".
Singh (1999)
A faulty gas fire
resulted in the
deaths of some of
D's tennants
The duty of a landlords to his
tenants to maintain and manage
property is a duty of care.
Litchfield (1998)
D, who was the owner of a
sailing ship, knew that
engine failure was likely due
to contaminated fuel. Three
crew members died when
the ship was driven on to
rocks.