Human Biochemistry (HL)

Description

Mind Map on Human Biochemistry (HL), created by izzy.evans222 on 09/10/2014.
izzy.evans222
Mind Map by izzy.evans222, updated more than 1 year ago
izzy.evans222
Created by izzy.evans222 over 10 years ago
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Resource summary

Human Biochemistry (HL)
  1. Energy & Amino Acids
    1. Food Calorimetry
      1. Heat evolved = mass of water x specific heat capacity of water x temperature rise
      2. Energy
        1. Women = 2000 kcal
          1. Men = 3500 kcal
          2. Amino Acids & Polypetides
            1. Condensation reactions
              1. 2 amino acids condensed = dipeptide + water
                1. Tripeptide = 3 x amino aicds
              2. Structure & Uses of Proteins
                1. Structure
                  1. 20 naturally occuring
                    1. Primary
                      1. Fixed number of amino residues in a strict sequence
                      2. Secondary
                        1. The way the protein folds itself due to intramolecular forces
                          1. Hydrogen bonding
                            1. alpha helix
                              1. beta-pleated
                            2. Teriary
                              1. Folding to create a 3D shape
                                1. hydrogen bonds, ven der Waals attraction to non polar
                                  1. ionic attraction between polar groups
                                  2. Disulfide bridges
                                  3. Quaternary
                                    1. Separarte polypepetide chains interact together, form more complex structure
                                      1. Haem
                                    2. Uses
                                      1. Biological Catalysts
                                        1. Structure e.g. hair & nails
                                          1. Energy
                                        2. Analysis of Proteins
                                          1. Paper Chromatography
                                            1. 1. paper placed in solvent (eleunt)
                                              1. Capillary action
                                              2. 2. amino acids partition themselves between eleunt & paper
                                                1. 3. dryed & sprayed with ninhydrin
                                                  1. Rf value
                                                  2. Electrophoresis
                                                    1. Structure depends on pH
                                                      1. Low pH, amine protonated
                                                        1. High pH, carboxcylic lose proton
                                                        2. Isoelectric point
                                                          1. 1. sample placed & potential difference applied
                                                            1. 2. depending on pH, move at different rates to +ve & -ve electrodes
                                                              1. 3.isoelectric point, sample stops
                                                                1. 4. sprayed with ninhydrin
                                                              2. Carbohydrates
                                                                1. Monosaccharides
                                                                  1. emp. CH2O
                                                                    1. C=O group
                                                                      1. 2 x -OH groups
                                                                        1. Glucose
                                                                          1. alpha - H on top
                                                                            1. beta - OH on top
                                                                          2. Polysaccharides
                                                                            1. Mono condense
                                                                              1. Glycosidic link + water
                                                                            2. Functions
                                                                              1. Energy
                                                                                1. Energy store
                                                                                  1. Precursors
                                                                                    1. Dietary fibre
                                                                                  2. Lipids (1)
                                                                                    1. Fats & Oils
                                                                                      1. condensation reactions
                                                                                        1. Saturated = no C=C
                                                                                          1. Unsaturated = C=C
                                                                                          2. Phosolipds
                                                                                            1. glycerol, linked 2 x fatty acids, phosphate linked to a nitrate containing alcohol
                                                                                              1. Glycerol link = esterifiction
                                                                                                1. Phosphate link = condensation
                                                                                                2. Cholesterol
                                                                                                  1. HDL'S and LDL'S
                                                                                                3. Lipids (2)
                                                                                                  1. Essential Fatty Acids
                                                                                                    1. Hydrolysis of Fats
                                                                                                      1. Determining Iodine Number
                                                                                                        1. Roles of Lipids
                                                                                                        2. Micro and Macro Nutrients
                                                                                                          1. Defintions
                                                                                                            1. Vitamins
                                                                                                              1. Vitamin A
                                                                                                                1. Vitamin C
                                                                                                                  1. Vitamin C
                                                                                                                  2. Malnutrition
                                                                                                                  3. Hormones
                                                                                                                    1. Adrenaline
                                                                                                                      1. Sex Hormones
                                                                                                                        1. Thyroxine
                                                                                                                          1. Insulin
                                                                                                                            1. Oral Contraceptives
                                                                                                                              1. Anabolic Steriods
                                                                                                                              2. HL Enzymes
                                                                                                                                1. Catalytic Activity & Active Site
                                                                                                                                  1. Enzyme Kinetics
                                                                                                                                    1. Competitive & Non-competitive Inhibtion
                                                                                                                                      1. Effect of Temp,pH and Heavy Metal Ions
                                                                                                                                      2. HL Nucleic Acids
                                                                                                                                        1. HL The Genetic Code
                                                                                                                                          1. Genetic Code
                                                                                                                                            1. DNA Profiling
                                                                                                                                            2. HL Respiration
                                                                                                                                              1. Aerobic
                                                                                                                                                1. Anaerobic
                                                                                                                                                  1. Electron Transport
                                                                                                                                                    1. Haemoglobin
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