Themes and Perspectives

Interrogative themes
1. Situated Knowledge
  1. no context free knowledge
  2. knowledge is situated in time and place
  3. knowledge changes with social changes
  4. values, beliefs, cultural differences
  5. EXAMPLE - boys don't cry: isn't a claim within every society or across time
2. Agency-Structure Dualism
  1. people can determine own life course vs. by social structures
  2. cannot polarise them, both important within social psychology
  3. EXAMPLE - boys don't cry: can they choose not to cry? how do they control crying? part of masculinity?
3. Power Relations
  1. apparent within all interactions
  2. ongoing processes that can have positive or negative effects
  3. people can have power in different contexts, e.g. children over parents in public
  4. EXAMPLE - boys don't cry: boys not crying have power over girls that do cry. males criticised for not showing emotion and can reduce power.
4. Individual-Society Dualism
  1. individual actions vs. social influences
  2. dichotomy - cannot focus on one without the other
  3. EXAMPLE - boys don't cry: biological explanation for males crying less or learn not to cry because of consequences such as bullying.
Perspectives
1. Discursive Psychological
  1. Ontology
    1. discourse and social practices
  2. Methodology
    1. qualitative
    2. objects and events
    3. talk and text
    4. existing cultural discourses
  3. Methods
    1. discourse resources and processes
    2. conversations, workplace interactions, interviews, texts
    3. ways people use discourse resources
  4. Unit of analysis
    1. what people say and how they say it
    2. actions performed
    3. cultural discourses resources
    4. talk or text
    5. interpretative repertoires, subject positions and ideological dilemmas
  5. Key Ideas
    1. focuses on talk and how we use it to make things happen
    2. making sense and constructing meanings
    3. discourse analysis - kinds of talk produced in groups
    4. interpretative repertoire - common sense ways of making sense of social world from available stereotypes
    5. subject positions - available ways to categorise positions within interpretative repertoire
    6. ideological dilemmas - can be contradictory, shifts opinions in repertoire
2. Cognitive Social
  1. Ontology
    1. social cognition - limited cognitive resources
    2. social identity - socialised thinker
  2. Methodology
    1. quantitative
    2. test theory based hypotheses
    3. standard statistical techniques
  3. Methods
    1. laboratory experiments
    2. field experiments
    3. surveys and questionnaires
    4. case studies
    5. observational methods
  4. Unit of analysis
    1. the individual
    2. social context
    3. interactionist
    4. individuals cognitions
  5. Key Ideas
    1. how is our mind structured by society?
    2. experiments - controlled environments, cause and effect, manipulating variables
    3. need ethical approval, e.g. deception and debriefs
    4. field experiments - close to normal environment
3. Social Psychoanalytic
  1. Ontology
    1. intersubjectivity
    2. unconscious motivations
    3. anxiety - defence mechanisms
  2. Methodology
    1. qualitative
    2. interpretative
    3. language
    4. unconscious meanings
  3. Methods
    1. sense-making
    2. narrative interviews
    3. conflicts and contradictions
  4. Unit of analysis
    1. interconnections - psychic and social worlds
    2. whole interview - including field notes
  5. Key Ideas
    1. unconscious processes important
    2. interior process - emotions and states of mind affect social world
    3. social and psychic together
    4. Splitting - defence mechanism, splits into 'all good' or 'all bad'
    5. research - deals with unconscious. interviews - make associations between ideas
    6. Projection - defence mechanism, defends from difficult knowledge and projects feelings onto others so can be punished
    7. Projective Identification - linked to projection, object is altered by projection
    8. Introjection - taking inside something from outside
    9. People seen as individual but not decontextualised from environment
4. Phenomenological
  1. Ontology
    1. actions in the world
    2. embodied way in relation to others
    3. 'verb-like'
    4. Dasein
  2. Methodology
    1. qualitative
    2. peoples perceptions of the world
    3. 'things in their appearing'
    4. experience
    5. ambiguity of the lived world
  3. Methods
    1. peoples lived experiences
    2. phenomenological analysis
    3. reflexively
    4. themes
    5. rich detail
  4. Unit of analysis
    1. perceptions of experience
    2. embodied
    3. relational quality
    4. rich and vivid descriptions of the lifeworld
  5. Key Ideas
    1. lived experience - what it means to be human
    2. research aims to describe peoples experiences
    3. epoche - no preconceptions
    4. horizontalise - no hierarchy of meanings
    5. researchers co-produce findings
    6. lived time and space - experience of environment and time

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Themes and Perspectives

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	Created by Bekkie over 10 years ago