13563421
Description
Mind Map by Molly Burns, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Molly Burns
almost 6 years ago
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Brendgen Et Al (2005)
- ABOUT
- AIM
- To find out if there is a difference between physical
and social aggression in 6-year-old school children by
surveying their teachers and classmates.
- To find out if there is a difference between physical
and social aggression in 6-year-old school children by
surveying their teachers and classmates.
- IV
- As a natural experiment, it looks at the differences between MZ
and DZ twins and girls and boys
- As a natural experiment, it looks at the differences between MZ
and DZ twins and girls and boys
- DV
- Teacher ratings for social and physical aggression were calculated out of
6 each; Peer ratings were taken from classmates who were asked to
identify classmates from photographs who fitted various descriptions.
- Teacher ratings for social and physical aggression were calculated out of
6 each; Peer ratings were taken from classmates who were asked to
identify classmates from photographs who fitted various descriptions.
- SAMPLE
- 234 pairs of twins, taken from the Quebec Newborn Twin Study.
- 44 sets of identical (MZ)
male twins and 50 sets of
identical (MZ) female twins
- 41 non-identical (DZ) males
and 32 non-identical (DZ)
females
- 67 sets of non-identical (DZ)
mixed-gender twins.
- 44 sets of identical (MZ)
male twins and 50 sets of
identical (MZ) female twins
- 234 pairs of twins, taken from the Quebec Newborn Twin Study.
- AIM
- PROCEDURE
- The children had been entered into the
Quebec Newborn Twin Study when they
were born.
- By age 6, 88 pairs of twins had dropped out of the study,
but Brendgen obtained data on the remaining 234 twin
pairs, got written consent from the parents and
approached their schoo
- By age 6, 88 pairs of twins had dropped out of the study,
but Brendgen obtained data on the remaining 234 twin
pairs, got written consent from the parents and
approached their schoo
- Longitudinal Study
- The teachers’ questionnaires asked them to rate
each child on a 3-point scale (0 = never, 1 =
sometimes, 2 = often) on 6 statements.
- Such as says bad things or spreads nasty rumors about another
child and gets into fights
- The scores for social aggression and
physical aggression were added together to
produce two overall scores.
- Such as says bad things or spreads nasty rumors about another
child and gets into fights
- For the peer ratings, the children were given a simpler task. They
were shown photos of their classmates and asked to circle the photos
of 3 children who best fit 4 descriptions
- • tells others not to play with a child • tells mean secrets about another child
• gets into fights • hits, bites or kicks others
- • tells others not to play with a child • tells mean secrets about another child
• gets into fights • hits, bites or kicks others
- The children had been entered into the
Quebec Newborn Twin Study when they
were born.
- RESULTS
- However, the teachers did rate boys as more physically aggressive
and the girls as more socially aggressive
- Peer ratings from classmates showed the boys to be both more physically and
more socially aggressive.
- The MZ twins' correlations for social aggression were similar to the DZ
twins' correlations. This suggests social aggression is less linked to
genetics, because both types of twins seemed to be equally affected by
their surroundings, unlike with physical aggression.
- However, the teachers did rate boys as more physically aggressive
and the girls as more socially aggressive
- CONCLUSION
- Brendgen concludes that about 50-60% of physical aggression can be linked to
genes, since it was shared by MZ twins but not so much by DZ twins
- For social aggression, genes only seem to account for about 20%.
- For social aggression, genes only seem to account for about 20%.
- So physical aggression is mostly nature (genes), but social aggression
is mostly nurture (environment).
- Brendgen concludes that about 50-60% of physical aggression can be linked to
genes, since it was shared by MZ twins but not so much by DZ twins
- EVALUATION
- GENERALISABILITY
- Brendgen uses a large sample (234 twin pairs) which makes the data
representative
- Brendgen uses a large sample (234 twin pairs) which makes the data
representative
- RELIABILITY
- Two researchers visited each
classroom, suggesting the study has
inter-rater reliability.
- Two researchers visited each
classroom, suggesting the study has
inter-rater reliability.
- APPLICATION
- If social aggression is strongly linked to
environment, it must be possible to reduce
the worst effects of verbal bullying,
gossiping and “trolling” in social media by
children, by using early intervention.
- If social aggression is strongly linked to
environment, it must be possible to reduce
the worst effects of verbal bullying,
gossiping and “trolling” in social media by
children, by using early intervention.
- VALIDITY
- The study avoids taking a reductionist
view of human behaviour: it looks at
genetics but also at environmental factors.
- The study avoids taking a reductionist
view of human behaviour: it looks at
genetics but also at environmental factors.
- ETHICS
- The parents of the twins agreed for their
children to be in the study, so
presumptive consent was given by a
responsible adult. The teachers also
agreed and this is presumptive consent
too.
- The parents of the twins agreed for their
children to be in the study, so
presumptive consent was given by a
responsible adult. The teachers also
agreed and this is presumptive consent
too.
- GENERALISABILITY
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