1361490
Infancy and Childhood
- APGAR Score
- National immunization
Program in UAE
- Congenital Anomalies
- Postnatal Care
- Baby
- - Routine examination; -Perform a
Phenistix test on the baby’s napkin;
- Check growthand feeding; -
Educate mother regarding
immunisation schedule
- - Routine examination; -Perform a
Phenistix test on the baby’s napkin;
- Check growthand feeding; -
Educate mother regarding
immunisation schedule
- Mother
- - Assess the coping ability of the
new mother. - Look for
signs/symptoms of postpartum
depression - Provide
encouragement and advice - Check
breast feeding - Check for back
problems
- - Assess the coping ability of the
new mother. - Look for
signs/symptoms of postpartum
depression - Provide
encouragement and advice - Check
breast feeding - Check for back
problems
- Baby
- Common sexual behaviour in infants
- Preschool (less than 4
years): Touching, and
rubbing private parts, in
public and in private,
showing private parts to
others, trying to touch
mother’s or other
women’s breasts
Removing clothes and
wanting to be naked
- 4-6 years: Attempting to see
other people when they are
naked or undressing,
mimicking dating behavior,
talking about private parts
and using “naughty” words,
exploring private parts with
children their own age
- 7-12 years: Looking at pictures of
naked or partially naked people,
viewing/listening to sexual
content in media, wanting more
privacy and being reluctant to
talk to adults about sexual issues
- Preschool (less than 4
years): Touching, and
rubbing private parts, in
public and in private,
showing private parts to
others, trying to touch
mother’s or other
women’s breasts
Removing clothes and
wanting to be naked
- Well Baby Clinic
- Measurements
- head circumference
- length
- weight
- head circumference
- Vaccines
- Head-to-toe physical examination
- Measurements
- Dehydration
- Is a state of negative fluid balance
that is most commonly caused by
diarrheal illnesses.
- Causes
- Illness, Gastroenteritis, Sweating,
Due to fever, exercise, Alcohol,
Diuretic, Diabetes
- Illness, Gastroenteritis, Sweating,
Due to fever, exercise, Alcohol,
Diuretic, Diabetes
- Signs and Symptoms
- Increased thirst, increased
pulse rate, decreased
elasticity, dry mouth, fever,
decreased urine output
- Increased thirst, increased
pulse rate, decreased
elasticity, dry mouth, fever,
decreased urine output
- Is a state of negative fluid balance
that is most commonly caused by
diarrheal illnesses.
- ORT
- Increased thirst, increased pulse rate, decreased
elasticity, dry mouth, fever, decreased urine output
- Medical use: because it is less invasive than
IV, it is used to treat mild to moderate
dehydration in children
- Increased thirst, increased pulse rate, decreased
elasticity, dry mouth, fever, decreased urine output
- Dentition
- 20 primary (deciduous) teeth: The lower
central incisors are the first to erupt, followed
by the upper central incisors, then lateral
incisors, first molars, and finally bicuspids
- The 32 permanent teeth: Deciduous teeth begin to be replaced by the permanent teeth at around
age 6 years. The sequence of replacement is similar to that of the appearance of deciduous teeth
- 20 primary (deciduous) teeth: The lower
central incisors are the first to erupt, followed
by the upper central incisors, then lateral
incisors, first molars, and finally bicuspids
- Behaviour of 2 years old
- Tantrum
- A display of ill-humor, especially a
demonstration
of rage or frustration by shouting or
violent physical movements
- To cope with and
to teach
self-control,
parent needs to:
- - Talk about feelings and how to cope with
them - Offer ideas for how to manage strong
emotions - Empathize with your child - Give
your child a visual aid to make waiting easier
- Let your child make choices appropriate to
her age - Look for ways to help your child
“practice” self-control
- - Talk about feelings and how to cope with
them - Offer ideas for how to manage strong
emotions - Empathize with your child - Give
your child a visual aid to make waiting easier
- Let your child make choices appropriate to
her age - Look for ways to help your child
“practice” self-control
- A display of ill-humor, especially a
demonstration
of rage or frustration by shouting or
violent physical movements
- -Form more complete sentences; -Enjoy using their senses and motor
skills; -Are laying the foundation for reading and writing; -Start to use
logical reasoning to solve everyday problems; -Enjoy playing alongside
other children, but usually keep to themselves; -Complete puzzles
with eight pieces or less and are learning math skills, like
understanding addition and subtraction using numbers 1 and 2;
-A display of ill-humor, especially a demonstration
of rage or frustration by shouting or violent physical movements
- Tantrum
- Total Body Water (TBW)
- Intracellular Fluid
(ICF) [40%]
- Extracellular Fluid (ECF) [20%]
- TBW = 60% x Body Weight.
- Intracellular Fluid
(ICF) [40%]
- What is weaning?
- Stage 1: 4 to 5 months Food should be thin, smooth and
semi solids. Stage 2: 6 to 9 months Food should be minced
or mashed and may include soft finger food. Stage 3: 10 to
12 months Food should be minced or chopped.
- Introduction of foods
alternative to milk.
- Stage 1: 4 to 5 months Food should be thin, smooth and
semi solids. Stage 2: 6 to 9 months Food should be minced
or mashed and may include soft finger food. Stage 3: 10 to
12 months Food should be minced or chopped.
- Developmental milestones
- is an ability that is achieved
by most children by a certain
age and can involve physical,
social, emotional, cognitive
and communication skills
- At 2 months
- Social: Begins to smile,can briefly calm himself and
tries to look at parent Language/Communication: Coos,
turns head toward sounds. Cognitive: Pays attention to
faces.begins to follow things with eyes, recognize
people at a distance. and begins to act bored
Movement/Physical Development: Can hold head up
and makes smoother movements with arms and legs
- Social: Begins to smile,can briefly calm himself and
tries to look at parent Language/Communication: Coos,
turns head toward sounds. Cognitive: Pays attention to
faces.begins to follow things with eyes, recognize
people at a distance. and begins to act bored
Movement/Physical Development: Can hold head up
and makes smoother movements with arms and legs
- 4 months
- Social: Smiles spontaneously, likes to play with people, copies movements & facial
expressions . Language/Communication: Begins to babble with expression and
copies sounds he hears. Cries in different ways to show hunger, pain, or being tired.
Cognitive: Responds to affection, reaches for toy with one hand, uses hands and
eyes together Movement/Physical Development Holds head steady, unsupported,
may be able to roll over from tummy to back, brings hands to mouth.
- Social: Smiles spontaneously, likes to play with people, copies movements & facial
expressions . Language/Communication: Begins to babble with expression and
copies sounds he hears. Cries in different ways to show hunger, pain, or being tired.
Cognitive: Responds to affection, reaches for toy with one hand, uses hands and
eyes together Movement/Physical Development Holds head steady, unsupported,
may be able to roll over from tummy to back, brings hands to mouth.
- 6 months
- Social: Begins to know if someone is a stranger. Likes
to look at self in a mirror. Language/Communication:
Strings vowels together when babbling (“ah,” “eh,”
“oh”) and responds to own name Cognitive: Shows
curiosity about things and tries to get things that are
out of reach, begins to pass things from one hand to
the other. Movement/Physical Development: Rolls
over in both directions, begins to sit without support.
- Social: Begins to know if someone is a stranger. Likes
to look at self in a mirror. Language/Communication:
Strings vowels together when babbling (“ah,” “eh,”
“oh”) and responds to own name Cognitive: Shows
curiosity about things and tries to get things that are
out of reach, begins to pass things from one hand to
the other. Movement/Physical Development: Rolls
over in both directions, begins to sit without support.
- 12 months
- Social: Is shy or nervous with strangers, cries when mom or dad leaves, shows fear in some
situations. Language/Communication: Responds to simple spoken requests, says “mama” and
“dada”, tries to say words you say. Cognitive: Explores things in different ways, looks at the right
picture or thing when it’s named, pokes with index finger. Movement/Physical Development: Gets to
a sitting position without help, pulls up to stand, walks holding on to furniture, may stand alone.
- Social: Is shy or nervous with strangers, cries when mom or dad leaves, shows fear in some
situations. Language/Communication: Responds to simple spoken requests, says “mama” and
“dada”, tries to say words you say. Cognitive: Explores things in different ways, looks at the right
picture or thing when it’s named, pokes with index finger. Movement/Physical Development: Gets to
a sitting position without help, pulls up to stand, walks holding on to furniture, may stand alone.
- At 4 years
- Social: Is more creative with make-believe play, would rather play with other children than
by himself, talks about what she likes. Language/Communication: Tells stories, can say first
and last name. Cognitive: Names some colors and numbers, understands idea of counting,
draws a person with 2 to 4 body parts, uses scissors, tells you what he thinks is going to
happen next in a book. Movement/Physical Development: Hops and stands on one foot up
to 2 seconds, cuts with supervision, and mashes own food.
- Social: Is more creative with make-believe play, would rather play with other children than
by himself, talks about what she likes. Language/Communication: Tells stories, can say first
and last name. Cognitive: Names some colors and numbers, understands idea of counting,
draws a person with 2 to 4 body parts, uses scissors, tells you what he thinks is going to
happen next in a book. Movement/Physical Development: Hops and stands on one foot up
to 2 seconds, cuts with supervision, and mashes own food.
- is an ability that is achieved
by most children by a certain
age and can involve physical,
social, emotional, cognitive
and communication skills
- Infantile Colic
- Causes
- Hunger;Intestinal gas;
Overfeeding the infant or
feeding too quickly; Acid
reflux; Tummy trouble
- Hunger;Intestinal gas;
Overfeeding the infant or
feeding too quickly; Acid
reflux; Tummy trouble
- Signs
- Predictable crying episodes. Intense or
inconsolable crying. Crying that occurs for
no apparent reason. Posture changes.
- Predictable crying episodes. Intense or
inconsolable crying. Crying that occurs for
no apparent reason. Posture changes.
- is inconsolable crying in an infant, usually
starts between 3rd-6th week after birth and
ends by the time the baby is 3 to 4 months old
- Treatment
- Holding the child Place a warm water
bottle on the baby’s stomach. Gently rub
the baby’s stomach. Burp baby often
- Holding the child Place a warm water
bottle on the baby’s stomach. Gently rub
the baby’s stomach. Burp baby often
- Causes
- Physical
Examinations
- Temperature
(normal value
98.6° F (37° C))
- Pulse (normal
value 120-160
beats per minute)
- Head and
neck
- Breathing Rate
- Heart
- Skin
- Abdomen
- Temperature
(normal value
98.6° F (37° C))
- Diarrhea
- Acute
- Chronic
- Acute
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