John Steinbeck was born in Salinas, California in
1902. Although his family was wealthy, he was
interested in the lives of the farm labourers and
spent time working with them. He used his
experiences as material for his writing.
On October 29 1929, millions of dollars were
wiped out in an event that became known as the
Wall Street Crash. It led to the Depression in
America which crippled the country from 1930 -
1936. People lost their life savings when firms and
banks went bust, and 12 - 15 million men and
women - one third of America's population - were
unemployed.
Themes
Mans' desire to avoid loneliness
George recognizes that Lennie continually gets
him into trouble; however he is the most nervous
of loneliness. His life would be so easy without
Lennie, but also very solitary.
Curley's wife despite the constant flirtation, also
is fearful of living the rest of her life as a lonely
woman surrounded by the world of men.
Candy lives in a perpetual fear of outliving his
usefulness on the ranch. This is exhibited by his desire
to keep his dog alive, despite the fact that the dog is
old and serves no purpose.
The American dream, despite the best efforts, sometimes fail to come to fruition.
Throughout the novel George and Lennie dream of owning their own farm, so they do
not have to be in constant search of work. This hope at a better life is the fabric of
American society, and although sometimes plans are great can be great, life, nature
sometimes has other iideas.
Both Curley's wife and Candy have dreams of something more. Curley's wife wanted a
better life away from the farm and travel to the big cities. Candy wanted the security
that George that George and Lennie would give him through the farm. Both characters
had to face the realities of life.
The time frame of the novel captures gender, racial and mental inequality.
During the novel George does not hide his displeasure with Lenny's lack of
mental capacity; this could reflect the misunderstanding of mental issues in the
1930s.
The plight of segregation is also displayed through the character Crooks.
Crooks is not permitted in the bunk house and is confined to the stable
because of the colour of his skin.
Curley's wife, throughout the novel the novel does not have a priviledge of a
name and is referred to only as an object or possession, Curley's wife.
The bonds of friendship and dependence from and are strived for
throughout the novel.
George and Lennie, despite the
differences are bound by
companionship.
The workers themselves exhibit a
camraderie amognst themselves
against the times times and in some
cases against management.