Social factors

Social factors

Communicative Competence
1. It involves knowing
  1. - Linguistic Structure (Vocabulary, phonology, grammar, others)
    1. - When to speak (or not)
      1. - What to say/to whom
        - How to say it
        - Social and cultural knowledge
2. Monolingual Communicative Competence
3. Multilingual Communicative Competence
  1. Have differences
    2. - Different social function of first and second language learning - Differences between learning language and learning culture
4. Is
  1. What a speaker needs to know to communicate appropriately within a particular language comunity
Microsocial Factors
1. L2 Variation
  1. Depends largely on
    1. Communicative contextual dimensions
      1. Such as
        Linguistic contexts: Elements of language form and function associated with the variable element.
        Psychological contexts: Factors associated with the amount of attention which is being given to language form during production, the level of automaticity vs control in processing.
        Microsocial contexts: Features of setting/situation and interaction which relate to communicative events in which language is being produced, interpreted, and negotiated.
2. Input
  1. and
  2. Nature of input modification
    1. In speech
      1. Foreigner talk
    2. Utterances by native speakers
      1. Omit some obligatory elements
      2. Make shorter sentences
      3. Have less varied vocabulary
3. Interaction
  1. and
  2. Interactional modifications
    1. Negative feedback
      1. Direct correction
      2. Indirect correction
  3. as
    1. The Genesis of Language
      1. Interpersonal interaction
        Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)
        through
        Scaffolding
        includes
        Vertical constructions
      2. Intrapersonal interaction
        Within an individual's own mind
        Private speech
        is
        Self-talk of children
        Almost always verbalized in L1 and/or L2
        Inner speech
        is
        Self-talk of more mature individuals
        used to
        Control thoughts and behavior
Macrosocial Factors
1. Social Categories
  1. Education level
  2. Sex
  3. Age
  4. Ethnicity
    1. in a
      1. Multiethnic society
        members of a dominant group learn the language of a subordinate group without threat to their L1 competence or to their ethnic identity
        this is
        ADDITIVE BILINGUALISM
        members of a subordinate group learn the dominant language as L2 and are more likely to experience some loss of ethnic identity and attrition of L1 skills
        this is
        SUBTRACTIVE BILINGUALISM
  5. Others
2. Institutional forces and constraints
  1. Language related social control, determination of access to knowledge, instances of linguistic privilege or discrimination.
3. Boundaries and Identities
  1. Crossing a linguistic boundary to participate in another language community, and to identify or be identified with it, requires learning that language.
  2. Full participation also commonly requires learning the culture of that community and adapting to those values and behavioral patterns.
    1. This is called
      1. Acculturation
4. Global and natural status of L1 and L2
  1. Opportunities as well as motivation for learning a particular L2 often depends on its relative power or status (if it confers visible economic or social benefits)
5. Circumstances of Learning
  1. learner differences in cognitive styles and learning strategies are
    1. Field-dependent
      1. related to
        children raised in urban cincumstances
    2. Field-independent
      1. related to
        children raised in rural residence
  2. fundamental difference in situational circumstances is whether L2 learning is
    1. Informal/Naturalistic
      1. takes place in
        settings where people contact and interact with speakers of another language.
    2. Formal/Instructed
      1. takes place in
        Schools, which are institutions that are established with the needs, beliefs, values, and customs of their cultural settings

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	Created by Camila Moreno over 5 years ago