Materials

Description

Mind map of basic material properties by material.
Erwin Geeve
Mind Map by Erwin Geeve, updated more than 1 year ago More Less
Billie Juniper
Created by Billie Juniper over 8 years ago
Erwin Geeve
Copied by Erwin Geeve over 5 years ago
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Resource summary

Materials
  1. Metals
    1. Ferrous
      1. CAST IRON
        1. Pros
          1. Strong
            1. Tough
              1. Stiff
                1. Cheap
                  1. Easily Machined
                    1. Easily Recycled
                    2. Cons
                      1. Rusts
                        1. High Density
                          1. Poor Toughness
                            1. Can be alloyed to improve
                          2. Uses
                            1. Brake Discs
                              1. Machine Tools
                            2. MILD STEEL
                              1. Pros
                                1. Strong
                                  1. Stiff
                                    1. Tough
                                      1. Very Cheap
                                        1. Malleable
                                          1. Easily Recycled (magnetic)
                                          2. Cons
                                            1. High Density
                                              1. Poor Electrical and Thermal Conductivity
                                              2. Uses
                                                1. Large Structures
                                                  1. Bridges
                                                    1. Buildings
                                                      1. Oil Rigs
                                                      2. Car Body Panels
                                                        1. Trains
                                                          1. Machine Tools
                                                            1. Pressure Vessels
                                                            2. Process
                                                              1. Metal Forming
                                                                1. Die Casting
                                                                  1. Rolling is important for structures like I-beams
                                                                    1. Easily Extruded for pipes, tubes, wire
                                                                    2. Readily Machined
                                                                      1. Joining
                                                                        1. Suitable for most
                                                                          1. Not suitable for soldering or brazing
                                                                      2. STAINLESS STEEL
                                                                        1. Pros
                                                                          1. Corrosion Resistant
                                                                            1. Strong
                                                                              1. Tough
                                                                                1. Ductile
                                                                                  1. Stiff
                                                                                    1. Cheap
                                                                                      1. Malleable
                                                                                        1. Easily Recycled (magnetic)
                                                                                        2. Cons
                                                                                          1. Expensive
                                                                                            1. High Density
                                                                                              1. Poor Electrical and Thermal Conductivity
                                                                                              2. Uses
                                                                                                1. Cutlery
                                                                                                  1. Chemical Plant and Surgical Instruments
                                                                                                  2. Process
                                                                                                    1. Metal Forming
                                                                                                      1. Usually Wrought
                                                                                                        1. Not Cast
                                                                                                          1. Powder Metal Forming
                                                                                                          2. Joining
                                                                                                            1. Suitable for most
                                                                                                              1. Not suitable for soldering or brazing
                                                                                                        2. Non Ferrous
                                                                                                          1. BRASS
                                                                                                            1. Pros
                                                                                                              1. Reasonably Strong
                                                                                                                1. Corrosion Resistant
                                                                                                                  1. Easy to Shape
                                                                                                                  2. Cons
                                                                                                                    1. Expensive
                                                                                                                    2. Uses
                                                                                                                      1. Ornamental Fittings
                                                                                                                        1. Plumbing Fittings
                                                                                                                          1. Screws
                                                                                                                            1. Bullets
                                                                                                                            2. Process
                                                                                                                              1. Readily Machined
                                                                                                                                1. Soldering and Brazing
                                                                                                                                  1. Readily Extruded as quite soft
                                                                                                                                2. COPPER
                                                                                                                                  1. Pros
                                                                                                                                    1. Electrical Conductivity
                                                                                                                                      1. Corrosion Resistant
                                                                                                                                        1. Ductile
                                                                                                                                          1. Malleable
                                                                                                                                          2. Cons
                                                                                                                                            1. Expensive
                                                                                                                                              1. Low Strength
                                                                                                                                              2. Uses
                                                                                                                                                1. Electrical Wire
                                                                                                                                                  1. Domestic Water Pipes
                                                                                                                                                    1. Coins
                                                                                                                                                    2. Process
                                                                                                                                                      1. Metel Forming
                                                                                                                                                        1. Easily Cast
                                                                                                                                                          1. Readily Extruded because soft
                                                                                                                                                          2. Readily Machined
                                                                                                                                                            1. Soldering and Brazing for electrical connection and pipe
                                                                                                                                                          3. ALUMINIUM
                                                                                                                                                            1. Pros
                                                                                                                                                              1. Lightweight
                                                                                                                                                                1. Durable
                                                                                                                                                                  1. Corrosion Resistant
                                                                                                                                                                    1. Stiff
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Ductile
                                                                                                                                                                        1. Malleable
                                                                                                                                                                          1. Easy to recycle
                                                                                                                                                                          2. Cons
                                                                                                                                                                            1. Difficult to Arc Weld
                                                                                                                                                                            2. Uses
                                                                                                                                                                              1. Aircraft
                                                                                                                                                                                1. Bicycles
                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Car Engines
                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Space Frame car bodies
                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Drinks Cans
                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Window Frames
                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Process
                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Metal Forming
                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Easy with most
                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Difficulties with oxidising in powder process
                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Rolling (foil)
                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Die Casting common
                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Readily Extruded
                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Sheet Forming (cars)
                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Machining
                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Soft, so easily machined
                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Joining
                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Suitable for most
                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Difficult to arc-weld and an inert gas is needed
                                                                                                                                                                                                        3. TITANIUM
                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Pros
                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Strong, even at high temps
                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Hard Wearing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Non Corrosive
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Light Weight
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Stiff
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Chemically Inert in Human Body
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Cons
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Expensive
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Chemically reactive when hot
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Difficult to Shape
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Surgical Implants
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Performance Bicycles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Fan Blades for Aircraft
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Process
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Metal Forming
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Special Die Casting Process Needed Because Reactive
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Forging for Aircraft
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Arc Welding only with inert gas or in vacuum
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  3. Polymers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Thermosetting/thermosets
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Characteristics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Harder
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Stronger
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. When Heated
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. permanently hard
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. pressure can be applied to cure
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. degeneration if heated excessively
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Toxic Fumes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Brittle
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Better stability
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    3. Thermoplastic/thermoplasts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Characteristics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Soft
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Ductile
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Flexible
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Can be manufactured on a branch
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Sensitive to temperature
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. When Heated
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Soften
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Eventually Liquify
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Reversible and can be repeated
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. No toxic fumes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Polythene
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Pros
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. High Density
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Resistant to Chemicals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Tough
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Cheap
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Flexible
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Electrical Resistance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Transparent
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Easily Coloured
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Dustbins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Water and Gas Pipes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Carrier Bags
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Food Packaging
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Sandwich Boxes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Process
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Polymer Forming
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Most suitable, injection moulding most common
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Extruded for pipes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Rotational moulding for large products (i.e. dustbins)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Blow Moulding for bottles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Vacuum forming for packaging
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Machining
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Soft so easily machined
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Usually formed to near-net-shape so little cutting needed
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. No polishing needed
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Joining
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Adhesive bonding most common
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Friction welding for pipes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      3. Nylon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Pros
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Strong
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Lightweight
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Used for broad range of products
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Easily made as a fibre
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Good heat resistance <250°
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Clothes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Fishing Line
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Small Gears
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Zip Fasteners
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Power Tool Cases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Composites
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. GRP GLASS REINFORCED PLASTIC
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Not Brittle
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Ductile
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Chemical Resistance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Aerospace
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Automotive
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Underwater
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Sheets of glass fibre laid at right angles sandwiched between a plastic
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Usually done in a mould and left to cure
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      3. Reinforced Concrete
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      4. Ceramics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Types
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Clay Mineral
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Glass
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Cement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Good Insulators
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Poor Conductors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Hard
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Brittle
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Resistant to
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. High Temperatures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Harsh Environments
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