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17322055
Salma with facial rash
Description
Mind Map on Salma with facial rash, created by Fatima Alkhateeb on 17/03/2019.
Mind Map by
Fatima Alkhateeb
, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by
Fatima Alkhateeb
about 5 years ago
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Resource summary
Salma with facial rash
Systemic Lupus Erythematous
Immunopathology
Presence of auto reactive B cells
Lack of clearance
Presence of inflammation
Type 3 hypersensitivity
Increased vascular permeability allows immune complexes to be deposited in the blood vessel walls
This induces platelet aggregation and complement activation
Neutrophils are attracted to the site by C3a and C5a
Neutrophils release their lysosomal enzymes by exocytosis causing further damage to the vessel walls
Type 2 hypersensitivity
Autoantibodies against RBCS, WBCS and platelets
Opsonize these cells and lead to their phagocytosis → Cytopenias
Autoantibodies against phospholipids
Secondary antiphospholipid syndrome → Hypercoagulable state
Risk of arterial thrombosis → MI, stroke or Libman-Sacks endocarditis
Risk of venous thrombosis
Risk of miscarriage in females
Risk factors
Genetic factors
Familial association
HLA association
Complement pathways
FcγRIIb
Environmental Factors
UV radiation
Cigarette smoking
Sex hormones
Drugs
Immunological abnormalities
Type I interferons
TLR signals
Failure of B cell tolerance
Signs and symptoms
Rash (Malar or discoid)
Serositis
Oral/nasopharyngeal ulcers
Photoensitivity
Immunological disorder (Anti-dsDNA, Anti-Sm)
Neurological disorders
ANA positive
Renal disease
Hematologic disorder
Arthritis
Causes
Sunlight exposure
Infections
Medications
Hydralazine
INH
Procainamides
Types
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Cutaneous lupus erythematosus
Drug-induced lupus erythematosus
Neonatal lupus
It is a rare condition that affects infants of women who have lupus and is caused by antibodies from the mother acting upon the infant in the womb
Anti-SSA, Anti-SSB positive
Red, raised, scaly non-scarring rash
Complications
Blood
Renal
Membranous nephropathy
Renal failure (main cause of death)
Heart
Libman-Sacks endocarditis
Acute pericarditis
CAD
ITP / IHA
Anemia of chronic disease
Investigations
Chemistry Panel
Complement
ESR, CBC, GFR
Urine Tests
Urine Protein
Creatinine Clearance:
Urinalysis
Management
prevent end-organ damage
prolong survival
maintain disease suppression
less number of flares
Media attachments
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