2019 Revison

2019 Revison

biology
1. gas exchange
  1. alveoli adaptions for gas exchange
    1. Short diffusion distance
      1. the distance is only one cell thick and
    2. Large Surface Area to Volume ratio
      1. This means that there is more space for the gases to diffuse into making the difusion time much shorter
    3. Good blood supply
      1. This keeps the concentration gradient high meaning that diffusion can happen faster and more efficeintly
2. cells
3. digestion
4. flowers
  1. reproduction
Geography
1. Natural hazards
  1. What is a natural Hazard?
    1. A natural Hazard is a natural event that threatens people or has the potential to cause damage, destruction and death
  2. Factors affecting hazard risk
    1. Population density
    2. The country's ability to cope with the hazard
    3. One more factor...
2. tectonic plates
  1. Plate boundaries
    1. Name the type of plate boundary where two plates are moving towards each other
      1. If 2 continental crust: Collision
        For example: The Himalayas (Indian and Eurasian plates)
      2. If 1 oceanic crust and 1 continental crust: Destuctive
        For example: The Andes (South American and Nazca plates)
        Earthquakes and Volcanoes
    2. Name the type of plate boundary where two plates are moving sideways against each other
      1. Conservative
        For example: West coast USA (North American and Juan de Fuca plates)
        Earthquakes
    3. Name the type of plate boundary where two plates are pulling apart
      1. Constructive
        For example: The Mid-Atlantic Ridge (North America and Eurasian plates)
        Volcanoes and Earthquakes
  2. Effects of Tectonic hazards
    1. Primary Effects
      1. Deaths of humans
      2. Damaged Properties
    2. Secondary effects
      1. Loss of jobs
      2. Damaged economy
    3. Give an example of an earthquake in a HIC and a LIC
      1. HIC: Christchurch, New Zealand magnitude 6.3
        Responses
        Immediate
        A full emergency response plan was in place within 2hrs of the earthquake happening
        NZ fire services co-ordinated a search and rescue effort with specialised teams from Australia, UK, USA, Japan, China and Singapore
        Long-Term
        Water and sewage were restored within 6 months
        The total cost to rebuild was NZ$20-30 billion
        Effects
        Primary
        185 people died and 2,000 people were injured
        50% of the city's buildings were damaged
        Secondary
        10,000 homes had to be demolished then rebuilt as they were unsafe to live in
        A landslide occurred in the Port Hills area to the east of the city
      2. LIC: Haiti, magnitude 7
        Effects
        Primary
        160,000+ people were killed and 300,000 people were injured
        90% of the city's buildings were destoryed
        Secondary
        3 years after the earthquake 400,000 people were still living in refugee camps
        slow distribution of resources meant that many people resorted to violence and looting to get food
        Responses
        Long-term
        Immediate
        TBC...
    4. Why do people live in areas of tectonic activity?
      1. Reasons
        Good jobs
        Family
        Not enough money to move
        They don't think that something bad will happen to them
3. Global Atmospheric Circulation and Tropical Storms
  1. Describe the distribution of tropical storms
    1. Between 5 and 30 degrees north and south
  2. Conditions needed for a tropical storm to form
    1. water at 27 degrees
    2. deep water
    3. low wind sheer
  3. Why does a tropical storm lose strength?
    1. shallow water
    2. Cool water
    3. going over land (too much friction)
4. Extreme Weather
5. Climate change

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	Created by AJ Ronald about 7 years ago