Germany 1918-1945

1918- impact of war
1. 2m children without a father
2. 600,000 widows
3. bankrupt
4. new government
  1. ex-soldier and workers despise leader
  2. unstable
5. gap between rich and poor
6. production 2/3 of before
7. income 1/3 of before
Kaiser abdicate
1. august- peace
  1. refused
    1. revolt
      1. abdication november 9
        10 november -new government
Weimar constituition
1. Pros
  1. Bill of rights
    1. has a say
    2. equal
    3. Women over the age of 20 could vote
    4. elected president
2. Cons
  1. proportional representation- unstable,indecisive, no laws were passed, too many parties in the reichstag
  2. Article 49- president could make law in an emergency. did not state what the emergency was.
1919
1. the treaty of versailles signed by the november criminals.
  1. land
    1. 13% of land
    2. 48% iron
    3. 155%agriculture
    4. 12.5 pop bcame cezeck
    5. 16% of coal
    6. banned germany and austria from uniting
  2. Army
    1. only 100,000 army
    2. 15,000 sailors
    3. submarine, airforce or battleships
    4. rhyineland protected by allies
  3. Money
    1. 600m dollor reperation
    2. war debts
  4. blame
    1. cause of war
      1. blamed kaiser and communists
2. the spartacist revolution
  1. December
  2. 600 Communist killed
  3. lead by rosa luxemburg and karl leinbnecht
  4. they disagreed with democracy
  5. defeated by freikorps
    1. 600 communists died
1920
1. Kapp Putsh
  1. right wing
  2. wolffgang kapp
  3. wanted the keiser back
  4. believed that the november criminals let germany down
  5. ebert was a weak leader.
  6. led 600 e-soldiers into freikorps. army refused to do anything about it becasue they felt sympathy for them as it was a time where german was superior but the workers went on strike and they failed
  7. people did not want an extreme government
1923
1. hyperinflation
  1. 1922 germany could not pay reperation fees
    1. january 11 france and belgium invadeed ruhr and took raw materials instead of money
      1. government ordered workers to go on strike therefore they did not co operate with the germans. 132 germans were killed and 100,000 were expelled ut of their homes as a result
        no trade or income but the government still had to pay the workers
        printed out paper money
        Paid of war loans of 2200 million
2. The Munich putsh
  1. backgound info
    1. 25 point
    2. hitler became leader of nazi
    3. gained 3000 member in 1920
    4. disliked the tov
    5. supposedly make lived better
  2. marched into munich
    1. marched into beer hall and threated kuhr and lossow to be with hitler they agreed but refused the next day- november 8
      1. november 9 led
1924-1933 ; the golden years
1. gustav stresesman became president
2. dawes plan
  1. loan from america of 800 m marks
  2. ruhr is productive
  3. reduced reperation payments
3. new currency called the rentenmark
4. politics
  1. pros
    1. setting down
    2. nazi only had 3% of vote
    3. parties started to work together
  2. cons
    1. other parties given time to organise and gain strengh and plan
    2. 4 diffrent chancellor
    3. 30% of vote regularly went to different parties
5. economy
  1. pros
    1. loans helped
    2. high sol
    3. good business
    4. public works
    5. high wage
    6. same level of production as before
  2. cons
    1. reliant on loan
    2. only big business were successful
    3. 6% still unemployed
6. culture
  1. pros
    1. new style, music ideas art traditions
  2. cons
    1. vogal disliked the new traditions: mostly farmers
7. foreign policy
  1. pros
    1. locarno treaty n 1925 not allowed to move the border
    2. league of nations 1926 trade
    3. reversing some tov
    4. lightening reperations
  2. cons
    1. nationalists did not like it
    2. communists opposed the locarno treaty
Nazis in the wilderness
1. propaganda
  1. appeal to nazi through feelings and emotion
  2. 1924-24 seats
    1. 1928 only 12 seats
  3. Josef goebbels
2. organisation
  1. relaunch party
  2. work legally
  3. appeal to the workers - majority
3. middle class
  1. farmers and middle class joined
  2. changed message to appeal to middle class
4. public meeting
  1. regurlarly training member in public speaking
  2. focused on the issued of the people
5. gained support of less than 3% of population
depression and the rise of the nazis
1. 1929 wall street crash
  1. payback loan in 90 days
2. January 1933 6.1 million unemployed
3. young people
  1. 60% of university graduates struggled to find a job. 1/3 16-35 unemplyed
  2. business
    1. closed
    2. low profit
  3. farmer
    1. under debt
  4. factory workers
    1. 40% unemployed
4. seat were
  1. 1929=12
  2. 1930=143
  3. 1932=196
5. economic crisis
  1. little success
  2. indecisive
  3. fraid of hyperinflation
  4. raise tax, cut benefits=lost support
6. extremeist
  1. people wanted strong leader
  2. thought extremist could solve the problem
  3. more violence
7. presidential rule
  1. rely on article 48
  2. all law passed by president
  3. weak government
8. what did hitler do?
  1. propaganda
    1. appealed to
      1. working class-work and bread
      2. business- no communists
      3. emotions
    2. hitler strong leader powerful speech and many poster
    3. overturn tov-jobless? join the army
    4. sa/ss
      1. discipline and order-needed in germany
      2. prepared to fight
      3. support of police and army
      4. jobs for unemplyed
  2. negative cohesion
  3. weak government and indecisive
  4. communist businessmen gave money
  5. decadence
    1. restore tradition
9. chancelor
  1. july 1932 230 seats
    1. nov 1932 196
      1. december 1932 von scleicher became chancelor
        january 1933 forcd to resign
        30 januar hitler made chancellor
consolidating his power
1. 30 january 1933 became chancellor
  1. 27th february 1933-reishstag fire
    1. march 23rd - enabling act
      1. removing oppositions
        the night of long knives 3oth june
        of hindenburg 9 august
        army swear oath august 1934
2. how did he gain the enabling act
  1. banned communists
  2. 2/3 majority to hitler
  3. surrounding hitler
3. lalowed him to rule for the next 4 years
  1. voted reichstag out of existance
  2. er had all the power
  3. ake law on his own
  4. gained dictatorship through legal means

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Germany 1918-1945

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	Created by mathewa11 almost 11 years ago