understanding social processes

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SOCIOLOGY- THE INDIVIDUAL AND SOCIETY UNIT 1 EXAM BOARD:WJEC
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understanding social processes
  1. CULTURE
    1. A shared learnt way of life
      1. Culture MUST be learnt
      2. forms of behaviour found in all cultures is called CULTURAL UNIVERSALISM
        1. CULTURAL RELATIVISM- the idea that no culture is superior to another
        2. SOCIALISATION
          1. The process of learning is called soicialisation
            1. PRIMARY SOCIALISATION- The first form of socialisation usually done in the family within the home, children learn the basic norms and values of society.
              1. SECONDARY SOCIALISATION- The second form of socialisation carried out by the agencies of socialisation.
              2. Differences between cultures are referred to as cultural diversity
                1. FERAL CHILD
                  1. a child who has not recieved the correct form of sociolisation hence behaves like an animal.
                  2. NORMS, MORES AND VALUES ARE LEARNT THROUGH SOCIALISATION. THEY MAKE UP THE CULTURE OF SOCIETY
                    1. MORES
                      1. a stronger form of norms.
                      2. VALUES
                        1. Beliefs that lie behind social norms. e.g:bus
                        2. NORMS
                          1. The unspoken unwritten rules of behaviour in everyday life
                        3. GENDER
                          1. The social role that goes with someones sex is called GENDER
                            1. FEMINIST ANN OAKLEY SUGGESTS THERE ARE 4 WAYS OF GENDER SOCIALISATION
                              1. MANIPULATION- parents encourage behaviour seen as normal for the child's sex e.g: girls-hair
                                1. Different activities- encouraged to get involved. boys- freedom/ girls-home
                                  1. CANALISATION- children channelled by parents towards toys and activities eg; kitchen/cars
                                    1. Verbal Appelation- good girl naughty boy
                                    2. SEX = BIOLGICAL DIFFERENCES
                                    3. SANCTIONS-A reward or punishment for breaking a norm
                                      1. FORMAL SOCIAL CONTROL- Sanctions applied by an official situation. such as court
                                        1. INFORMAL SOCIAL CONTROL- Sanctions placed that is not as serious- detentions
                                        2. NATURE VS NURTURE THEORY
                                          1. In the Nature Vs Nurture debate, nature refers to natural biological differences where as Nurture refers to difference from culture and socialisation
                                            1. GENETIC DETERMINISM- genes decide how you behave
                                              1. socio-biology - theoretical perspective based on genetic determinism
                                                1. CONCLUSION: Biology can not determine social behavior
                                              2. FUNCTIONALISM- Society is like a human body. NEED each part for survival of whole. Every part of society has a function.- organic analogy
                                                1. MARXISM- Society is divided by class. permanent conflict between classes. Bourgeoisie and proletariat are ruling classes. RULING CLASS EXPLOIT WORKING CLASS. Workers= wage slaves
                                                  1. FEMINISM- Society is fundamentally divided between sexes.Men have most power=patriarchy. Feminists are in favour of equal opportunities.
                                                    1. THE NEW RIGHT- REACTION AGAINST CHANGE.Favour of traditional values
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