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States of Matter
- Solids
- Definite, rigid shape
- Dense
- Particles closely packed in a
regular arrangement
- Strong forces between particles
- Strong forces between particles
- Vibrate in fixed positions
- Definite, rigid shape
- Liquids
- No definite shape
- Denser than gases
- Denser than gases
- Still attraction
between particles
- No fixed arrangement
- No definite shape
- Gases
- Particles spread out with large
spaces between them
- Expand to fill all available space
- Expand to fill all available space
- Forces holding them
together are small
- Bump into the walls of the container
- Bump into the walls of the container
- Can be compressed
- Particles spread out with large
spaces between them
- Brownian Motion
- Particles of fluids are continuously bumping into each other and into tiny
particles. Sometimes there will be more collisions on one side of the pollen
grain than on another, and this will make the pollen grain change its
direction or speed of movement.
- Particles of fluids are continuously bumping into each other and into tiny
particles. Sometimes there will be more collisions on one side of the pollen
grain than on another, and this will make the pollen grain change its
direction or speed of movement.
- Boyle's Law
- Air is squashy! Wow!
- Robert Bowle noticed that air can be squashed and then springs
back to its original volume when you release it.
- Pressure is the force acting per unit area. This is measured
in N/m2 = one N/m2 is called a Pascal
- He noticed that when he DOUBLED the
pressure, the volume of the gas HALVED
- Pressure is proportional to 1/v
- p1V1 = p2V2
- If you take a fixed mass of gas that has a pressure 1 and a volume 1,
and change either the pressure or the volume, the formula applies.
- If the same number of particles are squeezed into a smaller volume, they
will hit the container walls more often. More collisions per second means a
greater average force on the wall and therefore = a GREATER pressure.
- If the same number of particles are squeezed into a smaller volume, they
will hit the container walls more often. More collisions per second means a
greater average force on the wall and therefore = a GREATER pressure.
- He noticed that when he DOUBLED the
pressure, the volume of the gas HALVED
- Pressure is the force acting per unit area. This is measured
in N/m2 = one N/m2 is called a Pascal
- Air is squashy! Wow!
- Absolute Zero
- He conducted his experiment at a constant temperature because he
knew that temperature also had an effect on the pressure.
- Pressure of the gas increases as the temperature increases.
- Absolue zero is approximately -273º C and that's when the
pressure of the gas cannot possibly go down further.
- Absolue zero is approximately -273º C and that's when the
pressure of the gas cannot possibly go down further.
- Pressure of the gas increases as the temperature increases.
- temperature in K = temperature in ºC + 273
- Pressure of the gas is proportional to its Kelvin temperature.
- Pressure of the gas is proportional to its Kelvin temperature.
- He conducted his experiment at a constant temperature because he
knew that temperature also had an effect on the pressure.
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