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P5 Revision

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Mind Map on P5 Revision, created by Zuhayr Uddin on 04/19/2015.
Zuhayr Uddin
Mind Map by Zuhayr Uddin, updated more than 1 year ago
Zuhayr Uddin
Created by Zuhayr Uddin almost 11 years ago
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P5 Revision
  1. Action and Reaction
    1. Every action has an equal but opposite reaction
      1. Heavier objects = same force but more force needed to move due to higher mass
      2. Optics
        1. Virtual image = right way up, can't be projected
          1. Real image = inverted, can be projected on screen
            1. Convex lenses (used in cameras, projectors and magnifying glasses). Turn parallel rays --> diverging rays ORA
              1. Magnification
                1. Produces virtual image which is bigger than actual object
                  1. No light passes through the virtual image, therefore it cannot be projected.
                2. Projectile Motion
                  1. No horizontal acceleration
                    1. Projectile = object projected in Earth's gravitational field - follows parabolic trajectory
                      1. Horizontal velocity = constant
                        1. Vertical velocity increases due to gravity
                        2. Momentum
                          1. Always conserved
                            1. Momentum =mv
                            2. Diffraction
                              1. Smaller gap = greater diffraction
                                1. Gap = wavelength = maximum diffraction
                                  1. Microwaves = small wavelength = small diff.
                                    1. Radiowaves = long wavelength = diffract easily.
                                    2. Gravity = force of attraction between all masses
                                      1. Gravitational force = kd^-2
                                        1. CENTRIPETAL FORCE = force towards centre of circle in circular-moving object.
                                          1. Comets - closer to sun = move faster (large gravitational force.)
                                          2. Gas pressure
                                            1. Gas particles spaced out, free to move
                                              1. Collision with walls = force = pressure
                                                1. Higher temp = more collisions (more vibrations with wall) = more pressure
                                                  1. Rockets
                                                    1. Force from collisions with rocket walls causes pushing upwards because lots of particles escape from exhaust.
                                                  2. Satellites
                                                    1. Geostationary
                                                      1. 24 hour period, orbit same point on Earth's equator
                                                        1. Used in communications
                                                          1. Slower speed due to being further away from Earth = less gravitational force
                                                          2. Move at a tangent to Earth's orbit. Always keeps moving in a circle.
                                                            1. Polar - orbit poles
                                                              1. 1-2 hour period
                                                                1. Used in surveillance, weather and imaging
                                                                  1. Close to Earth- see whole Earth during rotation
                                                                2. Satellite Communication
                                                                  1. Satellites amplify microwaves and retransmitt them to Earth.
                                                                    1. Digital signals - easy to remove noise
                                                                      1. <30MHz = reflected by ionosphere, >30GHz = absorbed by rain and dust
                                                                      2. Interference
                                                                        1. Constructive (bright) = waves line up = in phase = make wave with double amplitude
                                                                          1. Destructive (dark) = out of phase= two waves make straight line
                                                                            1. Light = wave because it has dark and bright bands when going through double slit.
                                                                            2. Polarisation
                                                                              1. Polaroid sunglasses allow oscillations to occur in 1 direction only
                                                                              2. Refraction
                                                                                1. Slow down = towards normal, wavelength smaller
                                                                                  1. Speed up = away from normal, wavelength bigger
                                                                                    1. Dispersion = splitting up of light into constituent colours because different colours have different refractive indecies.
                                                                                      1. Different colours = different speeds.
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