What were the revolutions of 1820 - 1821?

Naples
1. The carbonari pushed for a constution
2. 1818 Ferdinand I restored the Church to a position of power and influence
  1. many Neapolitans were offended by the fact the Church was given powers of censorship
3. The Bourbon Monarchy was in financial difficulty due to the reparations imposed by Austria
  1. This led to heavy cutbacks in government spending
4. A fall in agricultural prices had hit the port of Sicily leading to decline in trade/income
5. Union with Naples in 1815 was unpopular with many who disliked the absolutist Bourbons
6. The removal of the Sicilian constitution in 1816 was a source of irritance
7. The trigger for revolution was the news that in Spain an uprising against King Ferdinand VII resulted in a new constitution
8. The revolutions did not go unnoticed by Metternich.
  1. He created the Troppau Doctrine in October 1820 to deal with the issue should it progress
    1. Later in January 1821 Metternich called another Congress, inviting Ferdinand I to attend
      1. Once out of Naples Ferdinand I quickly renounced the constitution
        He asked for Austrian military support
        In March 1821 Austrian troops entered Naples crushing the revolutionary Government
        Ferdinand I released a new wave of repression
        Some Carbonari members were publicly executed
The Neapolitan Revolt 1820
1. July 1820
  1. Attempted revolution took place
    1. 30 Members of the Carbonari with 100 soldiers
      1. The success of the uprising relied on General Pepe
        He led three regiments of soldiers in support of their cause
2. The result was that
  1. July 6th Ferdinand I agreed to a new constitution
    1. This was to be based on the Spanish model of 1812
3. General Pepe was put in charge of the new government and he quickly appointed Carbonari members alongside him
  1. The Carbonari soon became divided as they did not have any other specific policies other than gaining a constituion
Revolution in Sicily 1821
1. Stories of the unrest in Naples spread to Sicily
  1. There was considerable unrest in Palermo
    1. a revolution was led by the workers of the city
      1. The new Neapolitan government felt it necessary to restrain their revolutionary comrades
The Troppau Doctrine
1. 1820
  1. Prussia, Austria, and Russia agreed it was the duty of the Great Powers to intervene militarily to support any government overthrown by revolution
2. Metternich called an international congress to discuss the issue of revolutionaries
3. Britain did not agree
Revolt in Piedmont 1821
1. The Carbonari in Piedmont tried gain a constitutional monarchy which they hoped would expel the Austrians from Italy
2. The restoration under Victor Emmanuel had seen a return to autocratic and conservative monarchy
3. March 1821
  1. A group of Piedmontese army officers seized the fortress of Alessandria and declared a provisional government
    1. The revolutionaries declared the King should be 'King of Italy'
    2. Their demands were made in the name of the Italian Federation
    3. They were nationally minded in the fact they wanted to expel the Austrians from Italy
4. In Turin the army mutinied
  1. This led to Victor Emmanuel abdicating in favour of his brother Charles Felix
    1. Charles Felix was away at the time in Modena and so Charles Albert was appointed regent

Next up

What were the revolutions of 1820 - 1821?

Description

Resource summary

Similar

	Created by stephanie hanson about 10 years ago