Rates of Reaction:

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Summary of rates of reaction
Chris Wells
Mind Map by Chris Wells, updated more than 1 year ago
Chris Wells
Created by Chris Wells almost 9 years ago
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Rates of Reaction:
  1. Amount of product made or the amount of reactant used up per unit time
    1. Changing the rate of reaction
      1. Temperature
        1. Heating reactants means particles move fas
          1. Increasing frequency of collisions, more successful collisions (reactions happen) rate of reaction increases.
        2. Concentration
          1. The higher the concentration, the more particles so more frequent collisions, resulting in a higher the rate of the chemical reaction.
          2. Particle size
            1. The smaller the particle size, the larger the surface area, and the higher the rate of reaction.
          3. Catalysts
            1. Catalysts can speed up the rate of reaction without being used up themselves. However they are specific (only speed up) a certain reaction.
              1. Industrial processes that use a catalyst
                1. Cracking long hydrocarbon chains: use porcelain chips or aluminium oxide as the catalyst
                  1. Hydrogenation of unsaturated plaint oils (making margarine): use nickel as the catalyst
                    1. Catalytic converter in cars: use platinum and other metals as the catalyst
                  2. Exothermic reactions
                    1. Exothermic reactions give out energy, mainly in the form of heat, to the surroundings.
                      1. Examples of exothermic reactions
                        1. Neutralisation reactions, Displacement reactions, Combustion (burning) reactions
                      2. Collision theory
                        1. For a reaction to occur, particles need to collide with the particles from the other reactants in the right orientation and with enough energy to overcome the activation energy.
                          1. Increasing the rate of reaction means there are more frequent collisions. Increasing temperature also means there are more successful collisions.
                          2. Increasing the rate of reaction
                            1. Stir it, increase temperature of liquid, smaller solid pieces (even powdered) as it creates a larger surface area , use a catalysts ,Increase concentration of liquid
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