Muscarinic Antagonists

Description

Doctorate Pharmacology Mind Map on Muscarinic Antagonists, created by melian.yates on 08/10/2013.
melian.yates
Mind Map by melian.yates, updated more than 1 year ago
melian.yates
Created by melian.yates over 10 years ago
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Resource summary

Muscarinic Antagonists
  1. Parasympatholytics
    1. Competitive Antagonists for Ach at Muscarinic receptors
      1. Limited effect at the Neuromuscular junction or in Ganglionic transmission
        1. Nicotinic Receptors
          1. Sympathetic control
        2. Similar structure to Ach, but bulkier aromatic group in place of Acetyl group
        3. Synthetic
          1. Glycopyrronium Bromide
            1. Does NOT cross placenta and BBB
              1. Less CNS effects; useful in caesarian sections
              2. Less tachycardias
                1. Used in ocular surgery to prevent Vagal Stimulation
                2. Ipratopium Bromide
                  1. Bronchodilation (horses)
                    1. Tx for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
                    2. Given Inhalation: Poor absorption, poor distribution; minimal side effects, local effect in respiratory tract
                    3. Tropicamide
                      1. Mydriatic
                        1. Drug of choice: Intra-ocular exam
                        2. Rapid onset, Shorter duration (hrs)
                        3. Cyclopentolate
                          1. Mydriatic
                            1. Cycloplegic
                              1. Tx of Uveitis
                              2. Long duration of action
                            2. Natural
                              1. Atropine
                                1. Belladona (dilates pupils, toxic)
                                  1. Given I/M, I/V, S/C and P.O.
                                    1. Metabolized in Liver; Excreted by Kidneys
                                      1. Tertiary Amine; Ionized at physiological pH yet crosses the gut, conjunctival sac (eye), and BBB
                                        1. Premed - to decrease Salivation
                                          1. Antispasmodic effect in the gut; Decreases gastric secretion
                                            1. Not recommended in Horses
                                              1. Decreases GI motility, can cause central excitation
                                            2. Tx of organophosphorus toxicity
                                              1. Mydriasis - examination
                                                1. Increase HR
                                                  1. Used with AChEI: to prevent side effects from Muscarinic stimulation when AChEI used to reverse neuromuscular blockade
                                                    1. Toxicity
                                                      1. CNS stimulation: Problem in horse
                                                        1. Constipation
                                                          1. Tachycardia
                                                            1. Urinary retention
                                                              1. AChEI can be used Tx Toxicity
                                                                1. Increase Ach to compete w/ Atropine
                                                            2. Scopolamine (Hyoscine)
                                                              1. Used for drying secretions
                                                                1. Contained in Antispasmodic Buscopan (+ Dipyrone metamizole - analgesic)
                                                                  1. Decreases GI contractions
                                                                  2. Antiemetic properties
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