P3 - Sustainable Energy

Using Energy
1. Demand for energy is increasing
  1. Population is increasing
  2. Modern lifestyle demands transport and technology
2. Primary and secondary sources
  1. Primary source - naturally
    1. Fossil fuels
      1. Coal
      2. Oil
      3. Gas
      4. Formation
        Decay of dead organisms over millions of years
      5. Make pollutants when burnt
        Carbon dioxide is a pollutant formed
        Global warming and climate change
    2. Wind
    3. Waves
    4. Solar radiation
    5. Nuclear fuel
  2. Secondary source - made using primary source
    1. Electricity
3. Power
  1. The bigger the voltage, the more energy transferred
  2. Power is measured in Watts (W)
    1. Energy us measured in Joules (J)
      1. Rate of energy transferred is Power
  3. Power = Voltage X Current
  4. Energy transferred (kWh) = Power (kW) X Time (h)
  5. Cost of electricity
    1. Total cost = Number of units X cost per unit
4. Efficiency of energy transfer
  1. Wasted energy
    1. Transferred to surroundings
    2. Like heat energy
  2. Electric lamps
    1. Contain metal filament that glows
    2. Most energy is heat rather than light
  3. Efficiency
    1. Efficiency = (useful energy transferred/energy supplied) x100
Generating Electricity
1. Electricity is convenient
  1. Easily transmitted over distance through cables
  2. Can be used in many ways
2. Generators
  1. Kinetic energy to electrical energy
  2. Wind turbines
  3. Hydroelectric turbines
  4. Wave and tidal turbines
  5. The turbine turns the generator and electricity is made
  6. Nuclear power stations
    1. Uranium atoms split releasing energy so fuel becomes hot
    2. Water is heated to make steam
3. Indirectly (fossil fuels)
  1. Heat is released from primary source. Water boils and makes steam
  2. Steam turns the turbine
  3. Turbine turns generator and makes electricity
  4. Electricity goes to transformers to make correct voltage
4. Electromagnetic induction
  1. Magnetic in and out of coil
    1. Movement induces a voltage
    2. If part of circuit, current is induced
    3. AC current is made if done repeatedly
      1. Current which reverses direction many times per second
  2. Generators spin a coil of wire in a magnetic field or spin a magnet in a coil of wire
Ionising Radiation
1. Alpha, beta and gamma
  1. Ionising radiations
    1. Damage living cells
    2. Happens because can cause molecules to break into ions
      1. Ions take part in reactions in cells
        Cells can die or become cancerous
2. Irradiation and contamination
  1. Irradiation = damage cells directly
Choosing Energy Sources
1. Renewable sources
  1. Will never run out
    1. Wind energy
      1. Wind farms are noisy and spoil views
      2. Amount of electricity depends on wind
    2. Water energy
    3. Geothermal energy
    4. Solar energy
    5. Biomass energy
2. Non-renewable sources
  1. Will run out
    1. Fossil fuels
    2. Nuclear fuels
      1. Cheap but power station is expensive
      2. Not make CO2
      3. Must be stored safely

Next up

P3 - Sustainable Energy

Description

Resource summary

Similar

	Created by B Patel about 10 years ago