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Foundations of law

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introduction to to law chapter 1
Laura Tamás
Mind Map by Laura Tamás, updated more than 1 year ago
Laura Tamás
Created by Laura Tamás over 8 years ago
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Resource summary

Foundations of law
  1. Characteristics
    1. rules
      1. guide behaviour
        1. define things
        2. collective enforcement
          1. positive law
            1. "laid down"
          2. Law and morality
            1. black and white v. grey
              1. setting guidelines
              2. M: important for society
                1. L: state enforcement
                  1. moral--> legal counterparts
                  2. positive morality
                    1. broadly accepted
                      1. v. law
                        1. law offers legal certainty
                      2. critical morality
                        1. should be accepted rationally
                          1. vs law
                            1. certainty of clear reault
                              1. content of law
                                1. will be enforced
                                  1. consistent
                          2. Roman Law
                            1. sources of law
                              1. tribal customary law
                                1. guidelines of behavior grew spontaneously out of society
                                  1. law of the people
                                  2. unwritten
                                    1. codification
                                      1. customary law written down
                                        1. vs legislation
                                          1. L: created the law, did not exist before
                                  3. Common Law
                                    1. William the Conquerer
                                      1. royal justices
                                      2. Precedent
                                        1. cision of a jugde is evidence
                                          1. court creates legal rules
                                            1. binding
                                              1. stare decisis
                                                1. stand by your decision
                                                2. case law
                                                  1. British Commonwealth
                                                    1. influence eachother
                                                  2. Equity
                                                    1. petition to change ruling
                                                      1. judge-made
                                                        1. focus on fairness
                                                      2. Ius Commune
                                                        1. Canon Law
                                                          1. Church
                                                            1. marriages, contracts etc
                                                            2. Roman Law
                                                              1. students spread it over Europe
                                                                1. "common law"
                                                                  1. Rationalist law
                                                                    1. Roman law
                                                                      1. reason written down
                                                                      2. natural law
                                                                        1. vs customary + positive law
                                                                      3. Westphalia Duo
                                                                        1. National law
                                                                          1. result of Peace of Westphalia
                                                                            1. nation states
                                                                          2. International Public Law
                                                                          3. Codification
                                                                            1. legal unity
                                                                              1. France
                                                                                1. certainity--> written down
                                                                                  1. law making power to central agencies
                                                                                    1. influence of people
                                                                                    2. Interpretations
                                                                                      1. Literal Rule
                                                                                        1. literal meaning of words
                                                                                        2. Mischief Rule
                                                                                          1. interpretation to suit aim
                                                                                          2. Golden Rule
                                                                                            1. revert to intention
                                                                                          3. Legal Families
                                                                                            1. Common Law Family
                                                                                              1. England, Ireland, Wales
                                                                                              2. Civil Law familiy
                                                                                                1. French familiy
                                                                                                  1. BE, FR, ES, P
                                                                                                  2. German family
                                                                                                    1. DE, A, CH
                                                                                                2. Transnational Law
                                                                                                  1. Human Rights Law
                                                                                                    1. UN
                                                                                                      1. Ius Cogens
                                                                                                        1. no derogation permitted
                                                                                                      2. European Union Law
                                                                                                        1. separate autonomous legal system
                                                                                                        2. Lex Mercatoria
                                                                                                          1. commercial matter
                                                                                                            1. arbitration
                                                                                                            2. does not belong to Westphalia Duo
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