Toxicology

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Linda Salas
Mind Map by Linda Salas, updated more than 1 year ago
Linda Salas
Created by Linda Salas over 10 years ago
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Resource summary

Toxicology
  1. absorption
    1. Body parts CHIP
      1. adipose tissue
        1. chronic exposure
          1. bioaccumulation
            1. Acute
              1. Toxin/toxic dose
                1. BT
                  1. Benzene
                    1. Carcinogenesis
                      1. Apoptosis
                        1. Cell viability
                          1. Free radicals
                              1. Histidine/Cysteine/Thiol/Glutathione
                                1. Oxidative Stress
                                  1. ROS,RNS,OH-,H2O2
                                    1. Savengers
                                      1. Antioxidants
                                        1. BHA,BHT
                                  2. Paracelsus
                                    1. Dose
                                      1. Dose-Response
                                        1. Drug Eficacy
                                            1. ED50
                                            2. Drug safety
                                                1. LD50
                                                    1. Mycotoxin
                                                      1. Aflatoxin
                                                        1. Coffe/Choco
                                                        2. Ochratoxin
                                                      2. Thalidomide
                                                        1. Teratogenesis
                                                          1. Reproductive Studies
                                                            1. Phytoestrogens
                                                              1. Bisphenol A
                                                          2. Hormesis
                                                            1. Pharmacokinetic Curve
                                                              1. Therapeutic dose
                                                                  1. Linearity
                                                                  2. Sigmoidal Curve LD50/ED50/TD50
                                                                      1. Concentration units
                                                                        1. LOAEL,NOAEL, TD50
                                                                        2. J shaped, U shaped
                                                                          1. TOXIN
                                                                            1. Exposure/Risk Assessment
                                                                              1. Detministic Models
                                                                                    1. Margin Safety
                                                                                      1. Max TOlerable Daily Dose
                                                                                      2. Detection limits
                                                                                        1. Hazard ID
                                                                                            1. Hazard identification
                                                                                              1. Probabilistic Models
                                                                                                1. Qualitative Models
                                                                                                  1. Risk Characterization
                                                                                                    1. Riskiest Foods (frequency)
                                                                                                      1. Uncertainty
                                                                                                          1. Enviornmental toxicology
                                                                                                            1. Xenobiotic
                                                                                                              1. Generational Studies
                                                                                                                1. Pesticide
                                                                                                                  1. Narcotic
                                                                                                                    1. Methamphetamine
                                                                                                                    2. Neurotoxin
                                                                                                                      1. malathion
                                                                                                                        1. Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors
                                                                                                                      2. Observational Study
                                                                                                                        1. Herbicide
                                                                                                                        2. Heavy Metals
                                                                                                                          1. Arsenic
                                                                                                                            1. Dermal exposure/skin
                                                                                                                              1. Pinal de Amoles
                                                                                                                                1. LED lights
                                                                                                                                  1. Deposition
                                                                                                                                    1. Finger Nails
                                                                                                                                      1. Hair
                                                                                                                                        1. Ion Chanels
                                                                                                                                          1. ion exchange
                                                                                                                                          2. Cations
                                                                                                                                            1. Lead
                                                                                                                                              1. Neurotoxin?
                                                                                                                                                1. Mercury/ron
                                                                                                                                                2. Sugar
                                                                                                                                                  1. Millard Browning
                                                                                                                                                    1. Diabetes
                                                                                                                                                      1. Type I,II
                                                                                                                                                      2. Acrylamide
                                                                                                                                                      1. ethanol
                                                                                                                                                        1. PO exposure
                                                                                                                                                        2. Quorum Sensing
                                                                                                                                                          1. Microbial Flora
                                                                                                                                                            1. Synergistic
                                                                                                                                                            2. Staph Au Toxin
                                                                                                                                                            3. Harm
                                                                                                                                                              1. CELL RESPIRATION INHIBITORS
                                                                                                                                                                1. Narcosis
                                                                                                                                                                1. IV exposure
                                                                                                                                                                2. bioavailability
                                                                                                                                                                    1. CYP450
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Cytotoxicity
                                                                                                                                                                          1. Grapefruit
                                                                                                                                                                            1. Liver
                                                                                                                                                                              1. Potentiation
                                                                                                                                                                                1. Benzopyrene
                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Genotoxicity
                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Xenobiotic metabolism
                                                                                                                                                                                  3. Elimination
                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Excretion routes
                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Biliary
                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Feces
                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Kidney/Renal
                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Nephrotoxin
                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Urine
                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Sweat
                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Ph III Enzyme
                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Digestibility
                                                                                                                                                                                                1. PhII Enzyme
                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Lipophylic
                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. PhI Enzyme
                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. POLAR/NON
                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Xenobiotic metabolism
                                                                                                                                                                                                    3. Entreohepatic Circulation
                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. hepatotoxin
                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Necrosis
                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Bone
                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Chelators
                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. EDTA, desferroxiamine, D-penicillamine,BAL
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Anions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Antioxidants
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Neutral charged, Covalent bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Side effects,specificity, toxin re-distribution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Hydrophilic chelators
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. mono/bi/polidentate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Iron can be a
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Combination Therapy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. lipophilic
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. D
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Subchronic
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Dioxin
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Allergy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Animal testing/in vivo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. TESTING ALTERNATIVES
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Ex Vivo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. in vitro
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. immortalized cells
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Caco2-cells
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. in silico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. in vivo: humans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. METHODS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. ELISA
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. HTS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Acuracy, Precision/Replicate, Probability/Risk, Randomized, Robustness, blocking
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Sensitivity,supernatant, Validation,standard spiking, controls+,-,0)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Western blot
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Tylenol/acetominophen
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Example1: Theobromine in Chocolate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. HPLC
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. CH3OH
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Area under the curve
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Methylxantine psycoactive adenosin receptor blocker
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Theobromine
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. pHENYLETHYLAMINE
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            3. Example 2: Flavonoid ROS Scavenger+
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Inflamation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Flavonoids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Aspirin
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Acetominophen
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Blood pressure
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Prostaglandin
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Cyclooxygenase productor
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. RAW 264.7 Cells
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  3. HACCP
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Case study
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Clinical toxicology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Clinical studies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Animal CvsR
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. PhI
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. PhII
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. PhIII
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. PhIV
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Regulatory, Forensic
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