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Description
Mind Map by Fernanda Méndez, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Fernanda Méndez
over 8 years ago
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chapter 7 context and inference
- semantics
- is the study of conventional linguistic meaning.
- is the study of conventional linguistic meaning.
- pragmatics
- Is the study of how hearers, have to combine semantic knowledge with other types of knowledge
and make inferences in order to interpret a speaker meaning
- Is the study of how hearers, have to combine semantic knowledge with other types of knowledge
and make inferences in order to interpret a speaker meaning
- deixis
- social deixis
- Social deixis concerns the social information that is encoded within various expressions, such as
relative social status and familiarity
- Social deixis concerns the social information that is encoded within various expressions, such as
relative social status and familiarity
- spatial deixis
- concerns itself with the spatial locations relevant to an utterance
- concerns itself with the spatial locations relevant to an utterance
- person
- Person deixis concerns itself with the grammatical persons involved in an utterance
- Person deixis concerns itself with the grammatical persons involved in an utterance
- social deixis
- short hands
- Much of reference involves reliance on context, together with some calculation of the part of the
speaker and the hearers.
- Much of reference involves reliance on context, together with some calculation of the part of the
speaker and the hearers.
- knowledge as context
- a speaker choosing how to make reference to an entity must take estimations of what her hearers
know.
- a speaker choosing how to make reference to an entity must take estimations of what her hearers
know.
- discourse as context
- in conversing, participants construct a notion of what the discourse is about
- in conversing, participants construct a notion of what the discourse is about
- background kowledge as context
- the knowledge a speaker might calculate other would have before, or independently of, a particular
conversation, by virtue of membership in a community
- the knowledge a speaker might calculate other would have before, or independently of, a particular
conversation, by virtue of membership in a community
- mutual knowledge
- One important point about this background knowledge is that while the speaker makes guesses
about the knowledge her listeners have, there is no certainty. It is probably a mistake to identify this
background knowledge with mutual knowledge.
- One important point about this background knowledge is that while the speaker makes guesses
about the knowledge her listeners have, there is no certainty. It is probably a mistake to identify this
background knowledge with mutual knowledge.
- inference
- Is an special sub-type of coreference, a referential relation between expressions where they both
refer to the same entity.
- Is an special sub-type of coreference, a referential relation between expressions where they both
refer to the same entity.
- conversational implicature
- approach to the speaker’s and hearer’s cooperative use of inference. There seems to be enough
regularity in the inference-forming behavior of listeners for speakers to exploit this by implying
something, rather than stating in
- approach to the speaker’s and hearer’s cooperative use of inference. There seems to be enough
regularity in the inference-forming behavior of listeners for speakers to exploit this by implying
something, rather than stating in
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