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These were a group of working-class youths that refused to joing the Hitler Youth and
instead mocked it. They also distributed many leaflets, dropped by the allies, to
spread their opposition to the Nazis and their policies. They also grew their hair long,
wore make up and dressed in American style clothing.
The Gestapo members from this group due to their acts against Hitler's policies.
The Swing Youth
The Swing Youth were a movement of middle class children who listened to and organised Jazz events - this
was hated by the Nazi's as it was seen as 'black music'. They also organised dance festivals and other
contests.
In response, the Nazi's closed down the pubs they would hold these Jazz events and congregate. They also
cut the hair of those who partook in the movement and sent them to school under close supervision -
leaders of the movement were sent to concentration camps.
The White Rose
Movement
This movement was founded by Hans and Sophie Scholl and Professor Kurt Huber at Munich University.
People involved in the movement distrubuted anti-Nazi leaflets and urged Germans to not support WWII.
Their symbol was a white rose - suggesting purity.
Their downfall was triggered by a janitor exposing them to the Gestapo. As a result, Hans and Sophie Scholl
were executed.
The Church
Protestants set up the 'Confessing Church' in opposition to the new Reich Church. This new church
consisted of Protestant pastors such as Bonhoeffer and Niemoller and often spoke out against the Nazis.
Bonhoeffer was also involved in sabotage works by being involved in the Nazi regime to figure out how to
take it down and was hung for this in April 1945 after spending time in a concentration camp. Niemoller
was also sent to a concentration camp.
Von Galen also spoke out against the Nazis and was arrested in 1944 and died in 1946.
The Army
Army officers grew more critical of Hitler in 1943 due to Germany suffering many
defeats and bomb attacks caused by the Allies - they attempted to assassinate Hitler
on two occassions in 1943.
This led to the execution of the July Bomb Plot. This consisted of Count von
Stauffenberg attempting to assassinate Hitler through planting a bomb in his suitcase
with the aim to place it under Hitler's table and chair - known as Operation Valkyrie.
This fails due to somebody moving the suitcase away from Hitler,and instead killed
four other people and only minorly injuring Hitler.
As a result, Stauffenberg was arrested and his accomplic Beck, committed suicide.
Hitler also executed the other 5,746 people involved in the plot.