FRENCH REVOLUTION

Annotations:

• -Outbreak of the French Revolution in 1789 => start of the Modern Age.

1. Enlightened despots failed.
2. Violent changes against the monarchs
   1. End of Ancien Régime in France.
   2. First steps in Spain towards new orders.
   3. New habits and customs on everyday life.
   4. Art: reflected political, economic and social changes

1. Influence of Enlightenment
2. Political crisis

   Annotations:

   • -Clergy: 300 representatives, 1 vote.  Nobility: 300 representatives, 1 vote  Middle class: 600 representatives, 1 vote.
3. Economic crisis

   Annotations:

   • -Bankrupt. -Louis XVI: increase taxes.
4. Social crisis

   Annotations:

   • -Nobility and clergy: refused to pay taxes. -Middle class: wanted to abolish the absolute monarchy and suffered from economic difficulties.

1. National Assembly

   Annotations:

   • -Third Estate demand a new voting system (each representative=individual vote) -King refused=>Third Estate formed a National Assembly and demanded a Constitution.
2. Constituent Assembly

   Annotations:

   • -King finally agreed=>Constituent Assembly elected to write a constitution. -Riots.  ·Storming of Bastille, 14 July          1789. -Reaction of riots=>Legal reforms. -Louis XVI failed in his try to escape to Austria. -Constitution, 1791
3. Legislative Assembly

   Annotations:

   • -Legislative Assembly=>elected to implement legal changes. -Two political groups:   ·Girondins: represented                   interests of bourgeoisie.               Moderate ideas. Economic           policies=>helped middle               class. Limitate suffrage.    ·Jacobins: Radical ideas.         Abolish monarchy, put king     on trial, expand the suffrage     and control prices to help         workers. Supported by the       sans-culottes.
4. Convention

   Annotations:

   • -New assembly. -Louis XVI accused of treason and executed. -European countries=> declared war on France to prevent revolution to spread. -Jacobins imposed a dictatorship, leaderate by Robespierre.
5. Directory and Consulate

   Annotations:

   • -The Directory was a more conservative government to stop violence composed by five members. -The Consulate was a new form of goverment because of the military coup organised by General Napoleon Bonaparte, was composed of three members including Napoleon as head of state.