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the behavioural approach to explaining phobias

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AS - Level psychology (chapter 5 - psychopathology ) Mind Map on the behavioural approach to explaining phobias, created by Daisy U on 06/01/2016.
Daisy U
Mind Map by Daisy U, updated more than 1 year ago
Daisy U
Created by Daisy U over 8 years ago
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the behavioural approach to explaining phobias
  1. the two process model
    1. Mowrer - based on the behavioural approach (behaviour we can see)
      1. acquisition
        1. classical conditioning
          1. learning through association
            1. Little Albert
              1. UCS = UCR
                1. NS + UCS later produce a CR
                  1. generalised to other objects e.g. furry objects
          2. maintained
            1. operant conditioning
              1. behaviour is reinforced
                1. rewarded
                  1. punished
                  2. avoid phobic stimulus =
                    1. anxiety reduced
                      1. fear reinforced
                        1. phobia is maintained
            2. evaluation
              1. good explanatory power
                1. goes beyond just classical conditioning
                  1. explains how phobias are maintained
                  2. alternative to avoidance behaviour
                    1. some avoidance can be motivation by positive feelings
                      1. e.g. agoraphobia
                        1. when feel safe are motivated
                          1. so can leave the house with someone they feel safe with
                    2. incomplete explanation
                      1. evolutionary factors
                        1. have a phobia of dangerous things
                          1. adaptive to have these fears - biological preparedness
                            1. innate
                        2. do not have a phobia of cars though dangerous
                          1. not been around long enough
                      2. evaluation +
                        1. phobias that don't follow a trauma
                          1. fear of snakes even though never met a snake
                          2. cognitive aspects
                            1. irrational beliefs
                              1. cognitive distortions
                                1. selective attention to phobic stimulus
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