null
US
Sign In
Sign Up for Free
Sign Up
We have detected that Javascript is not enabled in your browser. The dynamic nature of our site means that Javascript must be enabled to function properly. Please read our
terms and conditions
for more information.
Next up
Copy and Edit
You need to log in to complete this action!
Register for Free
436793
Weather and Climate
Description
Mind Map on Weather and Climate, created by vickylma on 12/12/2013.
Mind Map by
vickylma
, updated more than 1 year ago
More
Less
Created by
vickylma
about 11 years ago
23
1
0
Resource summary
Weather and Climate
Reasons why Climate varies within the UK
Latitude
How far north or south of the equator a place is
The higher in latitude you go, the colder it gets
Southern parts of the UK are warmer than northern parts because of their lower latitude
Distance from the sea
Areas near the sea are warmer than inland areas in the winter because the sea stores up heat and warms the land.
Areas near the sea are cooler in the summer because the sea takes a long time to heat up and so cools the land down
The west gets warned nire because of the warm ocean current coming from the north atlantic drift
WInds
Most common winds from south west
They bring warm and moist air which makes the UK warm and wet
West gets more warmth and rain then the east
Pressure
Low pressure weather systems have lots of rainfall because the air is rising and water vapour is condensing.
High pressure systems have dry weather because the air is falling
The west of the UK is wetter because low pressure comes from the west
Altitude
How the land is
The higher up you go the colder it gets because the air is thinner so less heat energy is trapped
Higher areas get more rainfall as air is forced upwards and the water vapour condenses into rain cloud
So high altitude parts of the UK are colder and wetter than low altitude areas
Depressions
Low pressures
Depressions form when warm air meets cold air
Form over the atlantic ocean then moves east over the UK
Warm, moist air from the tropics meets cold, dry air from the poles
The warm air is less dense so it rises above the cold air
Condensation occurs as the warm air rises causing rain clouds to develop
Rising air also causes low pressure at the earths surface
So the winds blow into the depression in a spiral (wind always blows from high areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure)
A warm front is the front edge of the moving warm air
A cold front is the front edge of the moving cold air
Anticyclones
Form over the Atlantic ocean and move east over the UK
Anticyclone are where air is falling, creating high pressure and light winds blowing outwards
Falling air gets warmer no clouds are formed, giving clear skies and no rain for days or even weeks
In summer anticyclones cause long periods of hot dry clear weather
There are no clouds to absorb the suns heat energy, so more gets through the earths surface causing high temperatures
In winter anticyclones give long periods of cold foggy weather
Heat is lost from the earths surface at night because there are no clouds to reflect it back
The temperature drops and condensation occurs near the surface forming fog.
It doesnt heat up much in the day because the sun is weak
UK Extreme Weather
Its raining more
The rainfall is more intense especially in winerter
Temperature is increasing
More extreme weather has led to more extreme weather events in the last 10 years
There is major flooding caused by storms and high rainfall
Strong winds (combined with high tides) caused flooding
High temperatures led to a heatwave and drought conditions in the summer
Impacts of extreme weather
Peoples homes and lives
Floods damage homes and possessions which can cost a lot to repair or replace
Businesses can be damaged by floods so people can loose their income
Water use can be restricted during droughts
Hosepipe bans
Increased rainfall may mean water supplies are increased
Agriculture
Droughts can cause crop failures
Increased rainfall can mean higher crop yields
A warmer climate means farmers can grow new crops
Health
Flooding may cause deaths by drowning
Heatwaves can cause death by heat exhaustion
Milder winters may reduce cold related deaths
Transport
Floods may block roads and railways, disrupting transport systems
Higher temperatures can cause railway lines to buckle
So they cant run properly
Ways of reducing the negative impacts
Preparing
Individuals and local authorities can do things to prepare for extreme weather before it happens
Flood defenses along rivers can be improved
Education programmes can tell the public the best way to cope with floods droughts and heatwaves
Planning
Emergency services and local councils can plan how to deal with extreme weathers in advance
They can make plans for how to rescue people from floods and where to have shelters
Warning
Warning systems give people time to prepare for extreme weathers
The Enviromental agency issues flood warnings so people can prepare and evacuate
Climate Change
Climate change is any change in the weather of an area over a long period
Global warming
Global warming is the increase in global temperatures over the last century
Global warming is a type of climate change and it causes other types of climate change
Increased rainfall
Caused by human activity
An increase in human activities like burning fossil fuels farming and deforestation
Caused an increase in the concentration of concentration of carbon dioxide and methane in the atmosphere
These are greenhouse gasses and they trap heat reflected off the Earths surface
Greenhouse gases keep the Earth warm because they trap heat
Increasing the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere means that the Earth heats up
Causing global warming
Variations in solar output
Changes in the Earths orbit
Impacts
Economic
Farming
Higher latitudes, warmer weather will mean some farmers can make money
Some crop yields will be increased
They'll be able to grow new types of crops to sell
More money will have to be spent on predicting extreme weather events
educing their impacts and rebuilding them after
Industries that hep to reduce the effects of climate change will become bigger and make more money
Social
People wont be able to grow as much food in lower latitudes
Lead to malnutrition , ill health and death from starvation
More people will die because of more extreme weather events
Hotter weather makes it for some infectious diseases to spread
Leads to ill health and more deaths from diseases
Some areas will become so hot and dry that they're uninhabitable
People will have to move which could lead to over crowding in other areas
Environmental
Global warming is causing sea level to rise
Some habitats will be lost as low lying coastal environments are submerged
Rising temperatures and decreased rainfall will mean some environments will turn into deserts
The distribution of some species may change to climate change
Species can only live in the areas where the conditions suit them the best
Species that cant move may die out
Political
Water will become more scarce in some places
Competition over water could lead to war between countries
Climate change may cause people to move
This means that some countries will have to cope with increased immigration and emigration
Governments are under pressure to come up with ways to slow climate change or reduce it effects
Responses
Kyoto Protocol
Most countries have agreed to monitor and cut greenhouse gases by signing this international agreement
Aim is to reduce global greenhouse gas emissions by 5%
Each country is set a target
Carbon credits
Countries reward for having low emission
They can sell these to other countries which arn't meting their emission target
Earn them by helping poorer countries to reduce their emissions
This means that poorer countries will be able to reduce their emissions more quickly
Not all countries have agreed
USA hasn't and they have the highest emission of any country
National
Transport strategies
Governments can improve public transport networks like buses and trains
They can make them run faster and cover a wider area
This encourages more people to use public transport instead of cars
Taxation
Governments can increase taxes on cars with high emissions
In UK there are higher tax rates for cars with high emissions
This encourages people to buy low emission cars so emissions are reduced
Local
Congestion charge
Local authorities can charge people for driving cars into cities during busy periods
Encourages people to use their cars less which reduces emissions
Recycling
Recycle more waste by building more recycling plants and giving people recycling bins
Recycling materials means less energy used making new materials so emission is reduced
Create energy by burning recycled waste
Conserving energy
Give money and advice to make homes more efficient
Improving insulation
Means people use less energy to heat their homes because less is lost
Emissions are reduced because less energy needs to be produced
Show full summary
Hide full summary
Want to create your own
Mind Maps
for
free
with GoConqr?
Learn more
.
Similar
Weather and Climate
Oliver Hall
Key Words - Weather and Climate
Tom Pass
Weather and climate
emily.emily
Geography - Weather
Sydney Routley
Elements of Weather and Climate
nahjieyi
Weather and Climate Exam 2 Review
Rebekkah Gresh
Geography Year 11 Exam Revision
Olivia Gniadek
UK storms case studies complete
Aidan S.G
Atmospheric Circulation
Rachel Roche
Key Words - Weather and Climate
Maire Keating
Weather and climate - created from Mind Map
emily.emily
Browse Library