Biology 1 (A)

Biology 1 (A)

Diet and metabolic rate
1. A balanced diet does a a lot to keep you healthy, it consists of you having the right amount of carbs, fats, protein and fibre. Also the body needs vitamins and minerals to keep the skin, bones, blood and everything else healthy
  1. Carbs help give you energy, fats keep you warm and release energy; protein is for growth, cell repair and cell replacement
2. Metabolic rate varies for everyone, they have different rates between high and low. The lower means that you can eat and gin weight lot easier than people who have a high metabolic rate and eat a lot but don't gain the weight. This is due to the amount of exercise you due. It goes up in exercise because your body needs more energy.
  1. The bigger built people generally have a bigger metabolism because they have more muscle to give energy too, you have more cells.
Infectious disease (fighting disease)
1. Pathogens (this is how the body gets infected)
  1. Pathogens- they are microorganisms that cause disease. There are two main types of pathogens which are bacteria and viruses.
    1. Bacteria are very small living cells they which reproduce rapidly inside your body they make you feel ill by damaging your cells and producing toxins.
    2. Viruses infect your cells and produce copies of themselves, the cell they have invaded overtime will then burst and release the new viruses and the cell damage will make you feel very ill
2. How does the body defend itself.
  1. One way that the body defends itself is with things called white blood cells, the white blood cells can produce antibodies, antitoxins and ingest. All defend the body against the pathogens. They get rid of the pathogens and makes the body better again
  2. To protect the body from future infection is by a vaccination, this works by mking a copy of pathogens and this is a dead pathogen which is harmless to the body but the body can find a way to stop the future infection happening by recognising them by shape. The body will quickly produce the antibodies and destroy the disease because it remembers
  3. The MMR vaccine is an example which cleverly contains weakened versiois of measles, mumps and rubella and defends against all of them in one.
Th nervous system
1. Detect Stimuli is to see the body's behavior.
  1. Detect stimuli to get the he body's behavior.
  2. the word stimuli means changes in the environment
    1. Sound, temperature, light etc
  3. The change in the environment
    1. Temperature, sound, light etc
  4. The body has different receptors for instance the skin has the skin surface sensitive to touch, pressure, temperature and also pain receptors, the ear has sound and receptors that detect position. The eyes have light receptors
  5. Receptors
    1. Central nervous system (the brain or spinal cord)
      1. Effectors
        The effectors are either a muscle or a gland which react to the message of the receptors and give out a response
      2. Synapse
        They are a junction between one nerve and another
      3. Example
        SOUND (BANG)
        The sound receptor in the ear
        The sensory nerone
        The central nervous system reacts
        The Motor neurone
        The effector reacts
    2. Detect the change in environment
    3. This message is sent the the central nervous system

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	Created by Daniel Lloyd about 8 years ago