Became associated with other sports
i.e. Prize Fighting and Horse Racing
PUBLIC SCHOOL ATHLETICS
Low status
Hare & Hounds
Steeplechase
Sports Days
Inter-House Competition
Transport
Inter-School Fixtures
INDUSTRIAL SOCIETIES
End of rural festivals
1850 - Purpose built facilities (some allowed
for up to 25,000)
Athletics as an URBAN FESTIVAL
Wagering
CHEATING - running was a source of income for some lower class and the athletics circuit was based on a handicap system i.e. depending on
your size and results, you were handicapped. This led to cheating and exploitation was rife:
ROPING - holding back in order to lose.
RUNNING TO THE BOOK - disguising ones form to get a generous handicap.
RINGIN IN - promotes conspiring to size the handicapping unfairly.
PROFESSIONALS - lower / working class
athletes could become paid professionals
AMATEURISM - the middle classes didn't believe in professional
status and so remained amateur in their athletics
The amateur status of middle class athletics led to some problems
1880 AAA (Amateur Athletics Association)
was formed by 3 ex-university students
(still the NGB today)
1922 Women's AAA formed - i.,e. the AAA may have
removed the EXCLUSION CLAUSE, but they didn't have a
female wing until 42 years later
1886 AAC (Amateur Athletics Club) was formed
The 'EXCLUSION CLAUSE' was included
'No mechanic, artisan or labourer will be permitted to be a
member of our club' i.e. no one who worked with their hands
was allowed to be part of the AAC.
The AAA gradually removed the EXCLUSION
CLAUSE later and athletics to be opened up to
ALL people