Popper- science is an
open belief system subjected to criticism.
science is based on falsification which
provides us with knowledge and proof BUT it can always be proven wrong
Merton- CUDOS norms promote the
knowledge by encouraging belief and
openness
Horton- sees science as an open
belief system unlike religion as its
claims can't be over turned like
scientific ones.
Khun- science such as physics is based on a
shared set of assumptions, so therefore is a
closes belief system. This is because education
and training makes scientist believe in the
paradigm
Marxists and feminists see science in serving
the dominate groups (the ruling class, and men)
as many developments are in the interest of
serving the capitalism's needs.
postmodernists reject science to have the truth
Ideology as a belief system
Marxists see society as two classes
The ruling class exploit
the working class
it is in the interest of the working class to over
throw the ruling class but this can't happen as
they are unaware of being exploited (Class Consciousness)
ruling class ideology prevents this from happening.
feminists see the patriarchal domination as being oppressive.