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521950
Asch
Description
Mind Map on Asch, created by susan- on 02/02/2014.
Mind Map by
susan-
, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by
susan-
about 11 years ago
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Resource summary
Asch
Aims and Context
End of WW1, holocaust and rise of communism
Conformity
Group pressure on individuals in unambiguous situations
Jenness
Jelly beans: how many were in the bottle?
Asked individually, then in a group then asked to make an individual estimate again
Almost all changed to nearer the group estimate
Procedures
123 male college students. From 3 colleges. Voluntary basis
Vision experiment: really investigating conformity
6-8 confederates. 1 naïve participant; sat last or second last
2 large cards
One standard line
Three lines from varied length: 1 quarter to 1 and 3 quarters
Give same wrong answer: 12 out of the 18 trials were critical
Answer out loud
After: p's debriefed and interviewed
Findings and Conclusions
Control trials: less than 1% made mistakes
Critical trials: naïve p's gave wrong answers 37% of the time
25% of p's never gave a wrong answer
75% of p's conformed at least once
Participant behaviour over the critical trials tended to be consistent
yielding p's underestimated the frequency with which they conformed and gave excuses
Strong tendency to conform to group pressures
Factors affect conformity: size of the group and the presence of the dissenter
People do resist conformity: two thirds of the trial p's were independent
Asch's two important findings
There was any conformity at all
Most people can resist the pressure to conform
Methodology
Method
Lab experiment
Controlled easily
Artificial and does not resemble real life
Validity
Did not know each other. Conform more if they do not know each other 'Williams and Sogan'
Answer out loud. Conformity increases when answering out loud 'Moscovici'
Reliability
Lacked reliability due to similar studies finding lower levels: 'Larson' and 'Perrin and Spencer'
Sample
People in individualist cultures (like the US) may conform less 'Smith and Bond'
Men have been shown to conform less than women 'Neto'
Ethics
Deception
Psychological harm: distress and embarrassment
Alternative Evidence
Jenness
Jelly beans
Perrin and Spencer
Youths on probation
Perrin and Spencer
Same study but only one person conformed
Smith and Bond
Collective countries were more conformist than individualist ones
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