Germany

Description

Mind Map on Germany, created by 2k10jcassidy on 02/26/2014.
2k10jcassidy
Mind Map by 2k10jcassidy, updated more than 1 year ago
2k10jcassidy
Created by 2k10jcassidy almost 11 years ago
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Resource summary

Germany
  1. Weimar Republic 1918-23
    1. Problems
      1. Hyperinflation

        Annotations:

        • The government printed money to pay reparations, wages and so on, which meant that money quickly became worthless
        1. Attacks from the right

          Annotations:

          • During the Kapp Putsch, March 1920, Freikorps seized power in Berlin while the army and police stood by. The Weimar government called on workers to strike and many did, so the Kapp Putsch failed
          1. Treaty of Versailles

            Annotations:

            • This was hated by Germans for harsh peace terms and Weimar politicians were blamed for signing it: they were branded as traitors. Germany had to pay reparatiions of £6.6 billion, which caused economic problems
            1. The Constitution

              Annotations:

              • Proportional representation meant that there were lots of small parties. Coalition governments were unstable and it was very hard to get agreements when partners all wanted different things. This lead to difficulties in getting laws passed which meant that suspending the constituion was often the only way.
              1. Attacks from the left

                Annotations:

                • The Spartacist uprising in January 1919 was defeated by the Weimar government with the help of the Freikorps 
                1. French Occupation of Ruhr

                  Annotations:

                  • French troops occupied the Ruhr in January 1923 when Germany failed to pay reparations. German workers wrecked equipment, so the French couldn't make much money. The German econom,y was also wrecked.
              2. The Recovery
                1. Dawes Plan

                  Annotations:

                  • Streseman negotiated the Dawesd plan with the USA. The Dawes paln: - French withdrew from the Ruhr - Reorganised and reduced reparations
                  1. USA Loans

                    Annotations:

                    • The USA loans: - Helped to pay reparations - Greatly helped the German industries
                    1. Locarno Pact

                      Annotations:

                      • The Locarno Pact: - Improved relations with GB and France - Guaranteed borders with Belguim, France and Italy
                      1. Young Plan

                        Annotations:

                        • The Young PLan: - Set timescale and reduced reparations - France agreed to leave the Rhineland early
                        1. Kellogg-Briand Pact

                          Annotations:

                          • Kellogg-Briand Pact: - Germany was one of 65 countries that agreed to settle desputes peacefully - This wasn't a Stresseman initive but helped other countries trust Germany more 
                          1. The League of Nations

                            Annotations:

                            • The League of Nations: - Meant that Germany was recognised as a great power once again
                            1. Rentenmark

                              Annotations:

                              • Rentenmark: - It stabilised the currency - German people showed conifidence in it 
                              1. Reichsmark

                                Annotations:

                                • Reichsmark - Gradually restored the value of German money
                              2. The Great Depression
                                1. 1) Wall Street Crash
                                  1. Imapact on Germany
                                    1. German Businesses

                                      Annotations:

                                      • They had to pay back US loans and they couldn't get new ones. They had to pay higher taxes to the Government. The markets dried up, as few people in Germany or other countries had money to buy German goods
                                      1. The Government

                                        Annotations:

                                        • It couldn't borrow money from the USA. It refused to print more money, so it had to increase taxes instead. Government workers lost their jobs and wages were reduced. The government also made cuts in the unemployment benefits. The government were blamed for depending on the US loans The coalition government already had its problems, as divided the government couldn't agree how to solve the crisis
                                        1. German People

                                          Annotations:

                                          • Millions pf workers and farm labourers lost their jobs Banks went bust and people lost their savings Businesses collapsed, as did investments based on them Young people were particularly badly affected by job losses Many families suffered terrible poverty, as men couldn't find work and umemployment benefit had been reduced In 1928, 0.8 million Germans were unemployment By 1932, this had risen to 6 million   
                                      2. Hitler and The Naz's
                                        1. Reasons for the Nazis success
                                          1. Farmers

                                            Annotations:

                                            • The Nazi's promised to protect farmers from the Communists
                                            1. Middle-class

                                              Annotations:

                                              • This group was hit hard by the Great Depression, felt let down by moderate parties and liked the Nazis' anti-communist message
                                              1. Working-class

                                                Annotations:

                                                • the working class was the biggest group of voters. The Nazis were connected with jobs and images of a strong Germany but more workers supported the Communists
                                                1. Big Business

                                                  Annotations:

                                                  • The Nazis promised strong leadership and protection from communists. in return, big businesses supported the Nazis. A good example of a wealthy Nazi funder is Alfred Hugenburg: he owned media companies and had become a right-wing politician
                                                  1. Women

                                                    Annotations:

                                                    • Ther Nazi built support from some women with messages of the key role for women and the family in Germany's future
                                                    1. Strong Propaganda

                                                      Annotations:

                                                      • Hitler's personal appeal and a massive publicity effort with a clear message, which included: scrapping the Treaty of Versailles; beginning German expansion and fighting the Jews. Goebells was very important in the propaganda effort
                                                      1. Great Depression

                                                        Annotations:

                                                        • Nazi offered hope and strong leadership 
                                                        1. SA

                                                          Annotations:

                                                          • Nazi's private army and stronger than the communists
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