6449969
Description
Mind Map by Damita Dickerson, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Damita Dickerson
over 9 years ago
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Lexical Change
- Lexical change is the ways in
which new words or
neologisms are formed.
- Completely new words
- Coinage: the creation of words that are
completely new and not derived in any
way from other words
- Coinage: the creation of words that are
completely new and not derived in any
way from other words
- Words from other languages
- Borrowing: when words are
taken from other languages
- Examples: Soprano (Italian), Prince
(French), Lager (German), Alcohol
(Arabic). Borrowing sometimes occurs
when a new idea or product is
introduced into English life (e.g. Vodka).
They may also reflect the power or
prestige that a language has at a
particular time.
- Examples: Soprano (Italian), Prince
(French), Lager (German), Alcohol
(Arabic). Borrowing sometimes occurs
when a new idea or product is
introduced into English life (e.g. Vodka).
They may also reflect the power or
prestige that a language has at a
particular time.
- Borrowing: when words are
taken from other languages
- Words formed from existing words
- Affixing involves adding prefixes or suffixes.
Prefixes include micro- (microwave), multi-
(multimedia), inter-, super-, mega- etc. The
suffix –ism is often used to indicated
prejudice (ageism and sizeism).
- Blending: only parts of each word are joined
together (usually the beginning of one word
and the end of another)
- Examples: ‘Smog’ (‘smoke and fog’),
‘Motel’ (‘motor and hotel’) and ‘Bit’
(‘binary and digit’).
- Examples: ‘Smog’ (‘smoke and fog’),
‘Motel’ (‘motor and hotel’) and ‘Bit’
(‘binary and digit’).
- Conversion: when the word class of an
existing word changes, creating a new
use for the word.
- Examples: Change from a noun to a
verb (to ‘bottle’), from a verb to a
noun (a ‘contest’), from an adjective
to a verb (to ‘open’).
- Examples: Change from a noun to a
verb (to ‘bottle’), from a verb to a
noun (a ‘contest’), from an adjective
to a verb (to ‘open’).
- Compounding: when words are
joined to form a new, larger
word or expression
- Examples: ‘Blackbird’ and ‘laptop’.
Compounds are sometimes divided
by a hyphen (‘blue-eyed’) and can
also be separate words (‘head
waiter’, ‘happy hour’).
- Examples: ‘Blackbird’ and ‘laptop’.
Compounds are sometimes divided
by a hyphen (‘blue-eyed’) and can
also be separate words (‘head
waiter’, ‘happy hour’).
- Affixing involves adding prefixes or suffixes.
Prefixes include micro- (microwave), multi-
(multimedia), inter-, super-, mega- etc. The
suffix –ism is often used to indicated
prejudice (ageism and sizeism).
- Words formed by shortening
- Abbreviation: a new word is
formed by shortening an
existing word
- ‘Ad’ (vert) (‘advertisement’),
‘bus’ (‘omnibus’) and
burger (hamburger).
- ‘Ad’ (vert) (‘advertisement’),
‘bus’ (‘omnibus’) and
burger (hamburger).
- Acronyms: words formed from
the initial letters of existing
words
- Examples: ‘Radar’ (‘radio detection and
ranging’) ‘Scuba’ (‘self-contained
under-water breathing apparatus’).
Acronyms often consist of capital letters,
‘NATO’ (‘North Atlantic Treaty
Organisation’) ‘BASIC’ (‘beginners
all-purpose symbolic instruction code’).
- Examples: ‘Radar’ (‘radio detection and
ranging’) ‘Scuba’ (‘self-contained
under-water breathing apparatus’).
Acronyms often consist of capital letters,
‘NATO’ (‘North Atlantic Treaty
Organisation’) ‘BASIC’ (‘beginners
all-purpose symbolic instruction code’).
- Backformation: a word of one type
(usually a noun) is shortened to form
another type (usually a verb)
- Examples ‘Edit’ (‘editor’),
‘donate’ (‘donation’) and
‘burgle’ (‘burglar’).
- Examples ‘Edit’ (‘editor’),
‘donate’ (‘donation’) and
‘burgle’ (‘burglar’).
- Initialisms: words are abbreviated to their
initial letters but the resulting set of letters is
not pronounced as a word ‘MP (‘Member of
Parliament’), ‘BBC’ (‘British Broadcasting
Corporation’), ‘CD-ROM’ (‘CD - compact disk’)
and ‘ROM’ (‘read only memory’).
- Words from names: some words
derive from the names of people
or places.
- Abbreviation: a new word is
formed by shortening an
existing word
- Loosing words from the lexicon
- Archaism: when words and phrases
become obsolete. Shakespeare’s plays
include archaism such as ‘enow’ (‘enough’),
‘forsooth’ (‘in truth’) and ‘bark’ (‘ship’).
- Archaism: when words and phrases
become obsolete. Shakespeare’s plays
include archaism such as ‘enow’ (‘enough’),
‘forsooth’ (‘in truth’) and ‘bark’ (‘ship’).
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