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Lecture 1: Formation of the State

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polsci
joy peh
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joy peh
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Lecture 1: Formation of the State
  1. Political Institution
    1. State (polis)
      1. ruler (efficient cause)
        1. (5.?) ruling principles (Constitution)
          1. who writes this?
            1. ruler (efficient cause)
              1. modern: sovereignty
            2. function
              1. defines and organises state power
                  1. Aristotle 6 forms
                    1. one, a few, or many rulers

                      Annotations:

                      • Kingship // Tyranny Aristocracy // Oligarchy Polity // Democracy
                      1. correct
                        1. aim at common advantage
                          1. legal equality
                          2. deviant
                            1. advantage of rulers only
                    2. defines and guarantees indiv. rights
                    3. Can a state exist w/o Constitution?
                      1. European tradition
                        1. founds the state
                          1. organises the state
                            1. Kelsen: Constitution: the "superior norm"
                            2. thf: const exists > implies state exists
                            3. Common law tradition
                              1. const & state separate
                                1. const = rule of law
                                  1. lawfulness
                                    1. equality before the law
                                      1. secure rights of individuals
                                        1. e.g. Magna Carta (UK)
                                      2. state influences constitution
                                      3. judicial review ?
                                        1. courts belong to civil society VS the state in EUR law?
                                    2. highly contested
                                      1. but Westphalia (1648)
                                        1. 3.sovereignty in the state
                                          1. WHO?
                                            1. Rousseau
                                              1. remove uncertainties of natural state of freedom
                                                1. total transfer of all rights to the WHOLE community (no common superior)
                                                  1. INDIVISIBLE: the people, only the people (popular sovereignty)
                                                    1. by definition: every act is equitable
                                                      1. protection of EACH associate
                                                2. social contract
                                                  1. Hobbes
                                                    1. better alternative to state of nature: nasty, brutish, short
                                                      1. mutual transfer of ALL rights to the sovereign
                                                        1. one absolute sovereign
                                                        2. SC rationally will not be revoked
                                                      2. Locke
                                                        1. Preserve state of nature: right to property
                                                          1. tacit transfer of SOME rights provided they are protected
                                                            1. representative government, SOP
                                                              1. can be revoked
                                                                1. right to resist oppression of rights
                                                        2. WHAT?
                                                          1. Bodin
                                                            1. absolute
                                                              1. perpetual
                                                                1. descriptive of qualities necessary to maintain sov
                                                                  1. doesn't deal with 'who'
                                                                    1. kingly power
                                                                  2. unique
                                                                    1. is sovereignty indivisible?
                                                                2. Who holds it
                                                                  1. How sov. is exercised
                                                                    1. political regime
                                                                      1. form of government
                                                                    2. 2. population
                                                                      1. voluntary: NATION, indivisible, participate, political community
                                                                        1. determinist: same ethnic/language/religion/values
                                                                        2. 1. territory
                                                                          1. undisputed, state IS territory, sovereign
                                                                          2. 4. sovereignty OF the state
                                                                            1. legal equality
                                                                              1. principle of non-intervention
                                                                                1. autonomous legal person
                                                                                  1. continuous nature
                                                                                    1. Troper
                                                                                      1. internal
                                                                                        1. ?
                                                                                        2. external
                                                                                2. Institution
                                                                                  1. pre-existing state
                                                                                    1. rules, organised practices
                                                                                      1. resist generational
                                                                                        1. resist external
                                                                                      2. Source?
                                                                                        1. 1. theory of social/political contract
                                                                                          1. btw self-seeking indiv
                                                                                            1. contending social forces
                                                                                            2. 2. Institutionalism
                                                                                              1. endogenous to state
                                                                                                1. theoretical ideas governing relations btw org grps
                                                                                                  1. product of history
                                                                                                  2. 3. Theological
                                                                                                    1. founded by God
                                                                                                2. what's the main point of this lecture?
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