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The twilight years

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Mind Map on The twilight years, created by Safaa Fayiz on 10/22/2016.
Safaa Fayiz
Mind Map by Safaa Fayiz, updated more than 1 year ago
Safaa Fayiz
Created by Safaa Fayiz over 9 years ago
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Resource summary

The twilight years
  1. Elderly
    1. Aging
      1. Theories of aging
        1. error theory
          1. programmed theory
          2. Factors influencing aging
            1. psychological
              1. loneliness
                1. self-esteem
                  1. Depression
                    1. leisure activities
                    2. Nutrition
                      1. Salty food
                        1. antioxidants
                          1. vitamin D
                            1. fibers
                            2. Genetics
                              1. Telomeres shortening
                              2. environmental
                                1. sun exposure
                                  1. smoking
                                    1. exercise
                                  2. Problems facing aging
                                    1. mental health
                                      1. the family and the community
                                        1. Residential aspects
                                          1. economic aspects
                                            1. Disability
                                          2. psychological changes
                                            1. anxiety
                                              1. family changes
                                                1. provide care
                                                  1. assist with personal care
                                                    1. emotional support
                                                      1. preform housekeeping tasks
                                                        1. manage finance
                                                        2. awareness of loneliness
                                                          1. death of partner
                                                            1. Problems & Symptoms won't be reported
                                                              1. No one to help them
                                                                1. poor nutrition
                                                                  1. More likely to be depressed
                                                                  2. memory loss
                                                                    1. Relationship
                                                                      1. The more depressed the person the more the inability to distinguish between similar experiences
                                                                        1. depression impairs the process of pattern separation
                                                                          1. 2 areas of the brain can grow new brain cells
                                                                            1. Hypocampus
                                                                              1. which is involved in memory
                                                                                1. decrease by depression
                                                                        2. Falls
                                                                          1. Risk factors
                                                                            1. Arthritis
                                                                              1. History of falls
                                                                                1. dizziness
                                                                                  1. lower extremity weakness
                                                                                    1. Gender
                                                                                      1. Females more than males
                                                                                      2. Balance problems
                                                                                      3. Prevention
                                                                                        1. Exercise
                                                                                          1. fall risk assessment
                                                                                            1. environmental inspection
                                                                                            2. 30% - 40% fall over the age of 65 & 50% over the age of 80
                                                                                            3. Menopause
                                                                                              1. signs and symptoms
                                                                                                2. The end of the menstrual cycle due to stop of estrogen production and follicles degeneration
                                                                                                3. physiological changes
                                                                                                  1. skin
                                                                                                    1. loss of elasticity
                                                                                                      1. atrophy of sebaceous glands
                                                                                                        1. thermoregulation
                                                                                                          1. photo aging
                                                                                                            1. decrease Vit. D
                                                                                                              1. dull nails
                                                                                                              2. Eyes
                                                                                                                1. Decrease function of rod &cons
                                                                                                                  1. increase pressure
                                                                                                                    1. decreased tearing
                                                                                                                      1. ciliary muscle atrophy
                                                                                                                      2. Ears
                                                                                                                        1. loss of elasticity in inner ear
                                                                                                                          1. Ostiosclerosis
                                                                                                                          2. Mouth
                                                                                                                            1. Diminish sensitivity to taste
                                                                                                                              1. Decreased saliva secretion
                                                                                                                              2. nose
                                                                                                                                1. decreased number of smell receptors
                                                                                                                                2. Bones and joints
                                                                                                                                  1. weakness of the bones
                                                                                                                                    1. Osteopenia
                                                                                                                                      1. osteoporosis
                                                                                                                                        1. osteoarthritis
                                                                                                                                        2. nervous system
                                                                                                                                          1. brain atrophy
                                                                                                                                            1. decreased conductivity
                                                                                                                                              1. less neurotransmitters and receptors
                                                                                                                                                1. decrease brain weight
                                                                                                                                              2. chronic diseases
                                                                                                                                                1. Dementia
                                                                                                                                                  1. Arthritis
                                                                                                                                                    1. Cardiovascular diseases
                                                                                                                                                      1. Myocardial infarction
                                                                                                                                                        1. causes
                                                                                                                                                          1. ischemia
                                                                                                                                                            1. sudden spasms
                                                                                                                                                            2. symptoms
                                                                                                                                                              1. pain in the upper body
                                                                                                                                                                1. angina
                                                                                                                                                                  1. difficult in breathing
                                                                                                                                                                    1. sweating
                                                                                                                                                                    2. risk factors
                                                                                                                                                                      1. old age
                                                                                                                                                                        1. high BP
                                                                                                                                                                          1. diabetes
                                                                                                                                                                          2. cardiac enzyme tests
                                                                                                                                                                            1. troponin
                                                                                                                                                                              1. myoglobin
                                                                                                                                                                          3. Anemia
                                                                                                                                                                            1. chronic bronchitis
                                                                                                                                                                            2. Demographics
                                                                                                                                                                              1. ahmed-75
                                                                                                                                                                                1. mariam-65

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