The Nazis Consolidation of Power-The Use of Terror

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Mind Map on The Nazis Consolidation of Power-The Use of Terror, created by Bethan Stevenson on 04/06/2014.
Bethan Stevenson
Mind Map by Bethan Stevenson, updated more than 1 year ago
Bethan Stevenson
Created by Bethan Stevenson almost 11 years ago
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Resource summary

The Nazis Consolidation of Power-The Use of Terror
  1. The Use of Terror
    1. Storm trooper violence
      1. key role in Hitler's rise to power
      2. 'Legal Revolution' and the 'Revolution from Below'
        1. SA unleashed a reign of terror against political opponents
        2. January 1933- SA Nazis main instrument of terror and violence
          1. SA expanded after 1933
            1. 500,000 members- January 1933
              1. 3 million members- 1934
          2. SA
            1. gained legal authority when Nazis came to power
              1. Late Feb 1933- SA and Stahlhelm merged
                1. 'Auxiliary police'
                  1. regular police forces forbidden from interfering with SA
                  2. With new powers, SA unleashed sustained assault on socialists and communists
                    1. 1000s rounded up and imprisoned in makeshift concentration camps
                      1. set up in old factories and army barracks
                      2. by July 1933, 26,789 political prisoners arrested by SA
                        1. or taken into 'protective custody' or imprisoned in one of the 70 concentration camps
                    2. Reichstag fire- 27th Februaruary
                      1. Decree for the Protection of the People and the State
                        1. Violence and intimidation against the left intensified
                        2. Reichstag elections- 5th March
                          1. Left-wing parties virtually driven underground
                            1. Communist Party still received 12% of votes
                              1. less than November 1932 elections but still a significant core of support
                              2. SPD gained 18% of votes
                          2. Enabling Act- 24th March
                            1. granted Hitler's government with emergency powers to rule by decree for 4 years
                              1. fundamental change in constitution
                                1. needed 2 thirds majority to become law
                                  1. partly achieved through violence and intimidation
                                    1. SA and SS lined Kroll Opera House corridors
                                    2. Communist deputies banned from taking their seats
                                      1. Centre Party and DNVP members brought off with threats and promises
                                        1. only SPD deputies had the courage to vote against the Act
                                    3. eliminating other political parties
                                      1. tried to incorporate independent institutions into the Nazi regime
                                        1. trade unions were a target as they had close links with the SPD
                                          1. SA raided trade union offices in almost every town
                                            1. SA arrested trade union officials
                                              1. SA ransacked offices and broke up meetings
                                                1. trade unions were officially dissolved on the 2nd May
                                                  1. organisation at grass level had already been effectively crippled
                                                2. Nazi groups seizing control over local government
                                                  1. forced elected politicians to give up their post in town halls
                                                    1. replaced with Nazi Party officials
                                                  2. at all levels of local government, throughout Germany, the old guard was purged
                                                    1. those that didn't leave voluntarily were kicked out
                                                  3. Hitler may have benefitted from his supportive violence but he wasn't always in control
                                                    1. A lot of SA violence unplanned and piecemeal
                                                      1. against political opponents and Jews
                                                        1. Night of the Long Knives
                                                          1. ambitions of SA and leader Rohm seen as real threat by army leaders
                                                            1. more serious when, in 1934 summer, SA units began stopping army conveys and confiscating weapons and supplies
                                                              1. when Blomberg (with Hindenburg's support) threatened to declare martial law and give army power to deal with SA, matters came to a head
                                                            2. Hitler had dithered since 1934 spring, delaying taking decisive action against SA
                                                              1. but in June 30th there was a ruthless purge of SA, eliminated their leadership and other Nazi opponents with SS acting on Hitler's orders
                                                                1. Hitler addressed Reichstag 13th July, accepting full responsibility
                                                                  1. secured army support
                                                                  2. by Oct 1935, membership declined to 1.6 million
                                                            3. From Feb-June 1933, Hitler went with the flow of SA violence
                                                              1. eliminated opposition well
                                                                1. but Hitler was careful that SA violence didn't attack the State itself
                                                                  1. assaults on police and army avoided
                                                                    1. didn't want to alienate the conservative forces that got him into power
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