C1

Description

Mind Map on C1, created by Con83-11 on 04/09/2014.
Con83-11
Mind Map by Con83-11, updated more than 1 year ago
Con83-11
Created by Con83-11 almost 11 years ago
14
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Resource summary

C1
  1. Fundemental ideas in chemestry
    1. Limestone and building materials
      1. Metals and their uses
        1. Crude oils and fuels and useful substances from crude oils
          1. Crude oil is comprised of a long chain of hydrocarbons which cant be used for a particulary large amount. However the chain can be broken up into smaller, more useful molocules. This is done through a process known as cracking
          2. Plant oils and their fuels
            1. Vegetable oils are natural oils made from crushing orgainc materials such as seeds and pants
              1. Vegetable oils are used in cooking as they have a higher boiling point than water meaning food can be fried at a higher temperature than it can be boiled
                1. Vegetable oils also cook the food at a faster rate than boiling does
                2. The fatty acids in some vegetable oils are saturated meaning they only have a single bond between their carbon atoms. These are generally solids at room temperature. Lard is an example of a saturated oil
                  1. Unsaturated oils are the reverse of this as they have double bonds between carbon atoms; liquids at room temperature
                    1. Polyunsaturated fats contain many double bonds
                      1. Monounsaturated fats have one double bond in each fatty acid
                        1. Unsaturated fats are thought to be healthier than saturated fats
                    2. Emulsions
                      1. An emulsion is when oil and water are mixed together
                        1. Emulsfiers are substances that stably bond together the water and oil.
                          1. The emulsifier has two different ends: a hydrophollic end which can form bonds with the water but on the oil and a hydrophobic end which can form bonds with the oil and on the water
                      2. Double bonds can be tested for by using bromine water. When the oil is added and the compound is shaken an unsaturated oil will go colourless whereas a saturated oil will retain the same orange/brown colour of the bromine water
                        1. Vegetable oils can be hardened into substances like butter through a reaction with hydrogen
                          1. There are several conditions that must be maintained in order for the reaction to take place
                            1. Nickle catalyst
                              1. Temperature = 60 degrees
                              2. The reaction opens up the double bonds changing them to single bonds (i.e unsaturated fats) which are solids at room temperature
                            2. Changes in the earth and its atmosphere
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