Chemistry 2

Chemistry 2

2A
1. Covalent Bonding
  1. Covalent Substances
    1. Simple Substances
      1. Low Melting/Boiling Points
      2. Very Weak
      3. Gases/Liquids
    2. Giant Structures
      1. High Melting/Boiling Point
      2. Diamond
      3. Graphite
        Conducts Electricity
      4. Silicon Dioxide
      5. Solids
2. New Materials
  1. Nanoparticles
    1. Structure
    2. Properties
3. Polymers
  1. Molecular Forces
  2. Properties
  3. Uses
4. Relative Formula Mass
  1. RAM
  2. Moles
5. Ions
  1. Ions and Formulas
    1. Charges
  2. Electronic Structure of Ions
    1. Diagrams
  3. Ionic Bonding
6. Atoms, Compounds and Isotopes
  1. Atomic Number/Mass
  2. Compounds
  3. Isotopes
    1. Neutrons
7. Percentage Yield
  1. (Yield÷Predicted Yield)×100
  2. Less than 100%
8. Reversible Reactions
9. Metallic Structures
  1. Free Electrons
  2. Alloys
  3. Structure/Purpose
10. Chemical Analyis/Instrumental Methods
  1. Paper Chromatography
    1. Separates Artificial Colours
  2. Machines
    1. More Sensitive/Fast/Accurate
  3. Gas Chromatography
    1. Relative Molecular Mass
      1. Molecular Ion Peak
2B
1. Rate of Reaction
  1. Measuring Rates of Reaction
    1. Rate of Reaction=Amount of Reactant÷Time
    2. Ways to Measure Reaction Rates
      1. Precipitation
      2. Change in Mass
      3. Volume of Gas Given Off
  2. Rate of Reaction Experiments
  3. Factors Affecting Reaction Rates
    1. Temperature
    2. Concentration
    3. Catalyst
    4. Surface Area of of Solids
2. Collision Theory
  1. Catalysts
  2. Factors that increase collisions
    1. Higher Temperature
    2. Higher Concentration (Pressure)
    3. Larger Surface Area
  3. More Collisions=Higher Rate of Reaction
3. Energy Transfer in Reactions
  1. Endothermic
    1. Takes in Heat
  2. Exothermic
    1. Gives off Heat
    2. Most Reactions are Exothermic
  3. Reversible Reactions can be Exo+Endothermic
4. Acids and Alkalis
  1. pH Scale
    1. 0 to 14
      1. 0-6=Acid
      2. 8-14=Alkali
  2. Alkali=Soluble Base
  3. Neutralise Each Other
5. Acids and Metals
  1. Acid+Metal ---> Salt+Hydrogen
6. Oxides, Hydroxides and Ammonia
  1. Acid+Metal (Hydr)oxide ---> Salt+Water
  2. Ammonia can be Neutralised with HNO₃ to Make Fertiliser
7. Making Salts
  1. Soluble Salts
    1. Use Metal/Insoluble Base
    2. Use an Alkali
  2. Insoluble Salts
    1. Precipitation Reactions
8. Electrolysis
  1. Involves Oxidation and Reduction
    1. Oxidation=Loss of Electrons/Gain of Oxygen
    2. Reduction=Gain of Electrons
  2. -ve Ions to +ve Electrode
  3. +ve Ions to -ve Electrode
  4. Molten or Dissolves Ionic Substances are Used
  5. Half Equations
    1. Balance the Electrons
  6. Electroplating
    1. Uses Electrolysis to Coat the Surface Of One Metal In Another
    2. Uses
      1. Jewellery
        Cheap Metals Covered By Expensive Ones
      2. Conduction

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	Created by dan.dysonsol1 almost 11 years ago