Non-Communicable Disease - CHD

Background
1. No cure but can be controlled with treatment
2. Over 300 risk factors
3. A disease of affluence; more common in wealthier countries
4. Measure in DALYs - Disability-Adjusted Life Years
Distribution
1. the USA and UK due to ageing populations and lifestyle factors. People tend to have a greater disposible income, jobs are often in the tertiary sector and there are may sedentary amusements and comforts.
2. the Epidemiological Transition Model predicts an increase in cases in poor and newly industrialising countries
3. Death rates are falling in wealthier countries due to diagnostic improvements, developing treatments and awareness campaigns
4. Areas of social deprivation
Impacts
1. 95,000 deaths per year in the UK
2. Unemployment increases
  1. Half of deaths are those under 70; the peak of economic activity
  2. Family and friends many also stop working to care for the patient; in LEDCs it is not uncommon to pull a child out of education to look after a sick parent.
3. Obesity costs the NHS £0.5 billion a year
  1. Indirect cost to the economy over £2 billion
4. If 10% of Americans actively walked, $5.6 billion could be saved on heart disease related health care
5. Even before atherosclerosis, the patient will have been living a low quality of life. Diabetes and obesity is common in CHD sufferers.
  1. Many obese people find ordinary activities a challenge and find themselves excluded from society
Facts
1. There's a heart attack every 15 minutes
2. Women in Glasgow have the highest heart attack rate in the world
3. The working class are twice as likely to suffer a heart attack
Solutions
1. USA banned the suing of fast food chains for causing obesity
2. New Zealand introduced recognisable healthy food logos
  1. Products were reformulated to contain less salt
3. UK
  1. Public smoking ban in the UK from 2007
  2. UK doctors are promoting the consumption of oily fish, fruit and veg and less sat fats
  3. Over 5 million take statins (a group of medicines that can help lower the level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the blood) which prevent 2,000 early deaths per year.
  4. Medical advances have saved 8 million lives between 1970-2000 in the 'cardiovascular revolution'
    1. heart diseases fallen by 70%
4. Only governments can legislate the control of disease through advertising bans, smoke free areas, food logos and taxation
5. World Heart Day established by WHO since 2000. This involves conferences, free blood pressure tests and the promotion of physical activities involving all members of society. Nearly 60 participating countries.
6. In Finland nationwide restrictions enforced regarding cholesterol levels through health education and food labeling led to a decrease in heart disease

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Non-Communicable Disease - CHD

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	Created by kin034 almost 10 years ago