CAF:The Sancity of Life

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Mind Map on CAF:The Sancity of Life, created by Isabel Nicolaysen on 04/27/2014.
Isabel Nicolaysen
Mind Map by Isabel Nicolaysen, updated more than 1 year ago
Isabel Nicolaysen
Created by Isabel Nicolaysen almost 11 years ago
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Resource summary

CAF:The Sancity of Life
  1. Abortion
    1. Definition
      1. "The deliberate termination of a human pregnancy, most often performed during the first 28 weeks of pregnancy"
        1. This is the way in which many members of the public define abortion
          1. Notice how this defintion is worded so that it does not mention death
        2. "The killing of an unborn baby"
          1. This is the clinical definition of Abortion
            1. Notice how the word "killing" is used in this definition
        3. Law
          1. The law legalising abortion in the UK was passed in 1967 although this did not include Northern Ireland.
            1. In order for a woman to be granted an abortion her case must have been approved by two doctors, both of whom have to sign a form to permit for the abortion to take place.
              1. In Britain the law states the a woman can access an abortion if:
                1. 1. The woman's life is at greater risk by continuing the pregnancy than terminating it.
                  1. 2. The termination is necessary to prevent permanent injury to the woman's physical or mental health.
                    1. 3. There is a reasonable risk that if the child were born it would suffer from serious physical or mental handicaps
                      1. 4. There is a reasonable risk that if the child were born, any existing children the woman has are more likely to suffer injury to their physical or mental health.
                    2. Methods
                      1. In the UK abortion is legal. These are types of abortion available to women living in the UK, under the NHS:
                        1. 1. Early Medical Abortion is one method in which the woman takes two doses of medicine, with a 48 hour gap. These medicines will cause the lining of the womb along with the fetus to come out as a normal period would.
                          1. 2. Suction Termination is a method of abortion in which a suction tube is insertied into the womb and would remove the fetus and lining of the womb by suction.
                            1. 3. Late medical abortion is a form of abortion by which the woman must take several doses of a medicine called Prostaglandin. This will cause the placenta to be expelled from the body. This form of abortion is similar to Early Medical Abortion but takes longer and requires more doses of medicine as the fetus will have grown larger.
                              1. 4. Late Abortion is usually carried out between 20-24 weeks and there are two methods by which this type of abortion can be performed.
                                1. 1. Surgical Two-Stage Abortion is a method of abortion broken into two stages, as the name implies. the first stage involves the termination of the fetus' heartbeat and then stage two is a form of surgery to remove the dead fetus and lining of the womb.
                                  1. 2. Medically Induced Abortion is one method where medicine is injected into the womb causing it to contract. This method involves the woman giving birth to the dead fetus.
                              2. Groups
                                1. Pro-Life and Pro-choice are two groups which have very different views on the subject of abortion and are very passionate about their views.
                                  1. Pro-life
                                    1. Members of the Pro-life group belive that abortion is wrong and so strongly discourage it
                                      1. Pro-life believe that the current UK laws on abortion are not strong enough and that the "current policies are deeply harmful, not only to the individuals concerned, but to the common good of society."
                                    2. Pro-choice
                                      1. Members of the Pro-choice group believe that women have the right to decide whether or not they should have an abortion. Pro-choice neither encourages nor discourages abortion but merely wants to give women the freedom to choose.
                                        1. The Pro-Choice website clearly states the three main options available to pregnant women which are abortion, adoption and parenthood. The website promotes all of these options and provides links for help in each of the options.
                                2. Euthanasia
                                  1. Definition
                                    1. "the painless killing of a patient suffering from an incurable and painful disease or in an irreversible coma"
                                      1. These are the four main types of euthanasia:
                                        1. Non-voluntary Euthanasia is when another person makes the decision to end someone's life e.g. switching off a life support machine. This occurs when the person is for some reason unable to give their consent
                                          1. Voluntary Euthanasia is when someone has asked for help in ending their own life from e.g. a doctor.
                                            1. Passive Euthanasia is when someone refuses treatment that could save or prolong their lives therefore hastening their death.
                                              1. Active Euthanasia is when someone deliberately ends someone's life on their request by giving them a lethal medicine to end their life painlessly
                                          2. Law
                                            1. Under British law Euthanasia is considered illegal, with the maximum penalty being life imprisonment.
                                              1. There are only 3 countries in the world where Euthanasia is legal and they are the Netherlands, Belgium and Luxemborg.
                                                1. Many people travel to these countries from across the globe to be euthanized, as Euthanasia may be illegal in their country.
                                                  1. When the family members of those who have been Euthanized return to their own countries they may face imprisonment for assiting in euthanasia
                                                2. In countries where Euthanasia is legal, the law states that all of the fowolling criteria must be fulfilled for the Euthanasia to be legal:
                                                  1. The patients suffering is unbearable and there is no prospect of improvement
                                                    1. The patients request for Euthanasia must be voluntary
                                                      1. The patient must be over the age of 12
                                                        1. Patients between the age of 12 and 16 require a parent's permission
                                                        2. The patients must be fully aware of their options and their condition before making an excecutive decision
                                                          1. At least one other doctor must agree that all the criteria are filled and that the patient is eligible for Euthanasia
                                                            1. The Euthanasia must be carried out with at least one doctor present under medical conditions
                                                          2. DIGNITAS
                                                            1. DIGNITAS is a group based in Swizerland that provides those without quality of life with the chance to end their life painlessly.
                                                              1. The DIGNITAS motto is "To live with dignity. To die with dignity"
                                                                1. People and their family members travel from all across the globe to be euthanized by the DIGNITAS group.
                                                                  1. The DIGNITAS website states that in order for a patient to be viable for Euthanasia they must either have a terminal ilness, an incurable incapacitating disability or be in unbearable and uncontrollable pain.
                                                                    1. At DIGNITAS the method of Euthanasia used is Medical Euthanasia as the medicine can be administerred with family members and a doctor in the room at the time. This type of death is also very peaceful as it is painless and occurs when to patient is unconscious.
                                                                  2. Methods
                                                                    1. These are the main methods of voluntary euthanasia used in countries where it is legal to euthanize patients :
                                                                      1. The method used most commonly in the Netherlands is Euthanasia by injection. There are two injections involved. The first puts the patient into a coma so they cannot feel any pain and the second stops their heart from beating.
                                                                        1. The peaceful pill is a method by which patients inhale lethal carbon monoxide resulting in their death.
                                                                          1. Medical Euthanasia is when the patient is given a dose of lethal medicine which can be drunk as a drink or simply consumed as tablets. The patients will then become unconscious and die painlessly in their sleep.
                                                                      2. Other
                                                                        1. The sancity of life is a very controversial issue and there are many different viewpoints about the matter.
                                                                          1. The very fact that in the UK there is no death penalty shows that on the whole Britain does value human life somewhat.
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