Language Level 2: Grammar

Phrases
1. Verb Phrase - a verb accompanied by a modal or auxillary
  1. E.g. 'had run', 'might go' etc
2. Noun Phrase - a group of words built around a noun, with no verb
  1. E.g. 'a wide open space'
Clauses
1. Subordinate Clause - a clause that contains a subordinating conjunctive which does not make sense on its own
  1. E.g. '...although it rained'
2. Main Clause - a clause with a subject and verb that makes sense on its own
  1. E.g. 'Marcus stroked the dog'
Sentence Types
1. Simple - one independent clause
  1. E.g. 'She is tired'
2. Compound - two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction
  1. E.g. 'I play the trombone and he plays the trumpet'
3. Complex - an independent clause joined with one or more dependent clauses
  1. E.g. 'Lily, feeling hungry, decided to make a sandwhich'
4. Syntactical Parallelism - when sentences close together follow similar patterns of construction
  1. E.g. 'The sun went down. The clouds were starting to fade. The sky became red.'
5. Minor - an incomplete sentence which still makes sense in context
  1. E.g. 'Yes!'
Sentence Mood
1. Exclamative - a statement with an exclamation mark at the end
  1. E.g. 'I didn't see you there!'
2. Interrogative - a question
  1. E.g. 'Can I help you?'
3. Declarative - a statement
  1. E.g. 'I have been there'
4. Imperative - a command beginning with a verb
  1. E.g. 'Stir the mixture'
5. Subjunctive - a sentence beginning with 'if'
  1. E.g. 'If only I did my homework, then I wouldn't be in detention'
Listing
1. Syndentic - listing using conjunctions
  1. E.g. 'I like cake and biscuits and sweets and chocolate'
2. Asyndentic - listing with commas
  1. E.g. 'I like cake, biscuits, sweets and chocolate'
Rhetorical Techniques
1. Symploce - when words or phrases are repeated at the beginning and at the end of successive clauses
  1. E.g. 'When we stand together, we will be stronger. When we work as one, we will be stronger.'
2. Hypophora - asking a question and then answering it
  1. E.g. 'What do we want? We want to be free.'
3. Chiasmus - inverting the words of one clause in the next clause
  1. E.g. 'Ask not what can your country do for you, but what can you do for your country.'
4. Anadiplosis - repeating the last word from one clause in the beginning of the new clause
  1. E.g. 'I like coffee. Coffee is my favourite drink.'
5. Epistrophe - when words or phrases are repeated at the end of successive clauses
  1. E.g. 'The time has come. The day of reckoning has come.'
6. Anaphora - when words or phrases are repeated at the beginning of successive clauses
  1. E.g 'We can make change. We can start again.'
Voice
1. Active - when the subject comes before the verb
  1. E.g. 'Michael stroked the cat'
2. Passive - a sentence where the object comes before the subject
  1. E.g. 'The cat was stroked by Michael'

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Language Level 2: Grammar

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	Created by Arianne Bennett over 9 years ago