872195
Black Civil Rights 1945-1975
- Civil rights in the 1950s
- Armed forces desegregated, voting rights
had little impact, and lynching still regular
- Many state enforced 'Jim Crow'
laws, segregating public facilities
- Intimidation from whites
stopped them from voting
- Blacks faced many legal and
official cases of discrimination
- Top universities closed to blacks
- Armed forces desegregated, voting rights
had little impact, and lynching still regular
- Struggle to desegregate education Brown vs Topeka
- 1952, NAACP bought up case of Linda
Brown against Topeka board of education
- May 1954, southern states
ordered to desegregate schools
- However, there was no time limit,so schools took ages
- Governor of Little Rock school told to allow 9 black students in, he
bought National Guards to stop them, claiming he was protecting them
- Eisenhower sent federal troops to
enforce the law of integration
- 1952, NAACP bought up case of Linda
Brown against Topeka board of education
- Montgomery Bus Boycott
- Rosa Parks arrested for sitting at front of bus
- Blacks boycotted all buses in
Montgomery, campaign led by MLK
- Great success, showed power of blacks
united, desegregaion in bus illegal 1956
- Rosa Parks arrested for sitting at front of bus
- MLK
- helped build Voter's Education Programme
aimed to get more blacks to vote
- April 1963, MLK led march on
Birmingham, Alabama to expose the police
- Chief Bull Connor ordered dogs and hoses on
peaceful protesters, arresting over 1000 protestors
- MLK tactics worked, Kennedy forced Governor to
release protestors and desegregate Birmingham
- MLK's famous event, Washington march,
200,000 blacks, 50,000 whites, 'I Have A
Dream' speech to introduce civil rights bill
- helped build Voter's Education Programme
aimed to get more blacks to vote
- President Kennedy
- keen to make progress in civil rights for blacks
- 1962, speech about supporting civil rights
- Appointed first black judge, high-level
- October 1962, sent 2300 troops to uni to protect James
Meredith, he was getting intimidated by whites
- keen to make progress in civil rights for blacks
- Civil right tactics MLK Vs Malcolm X
- MLK, non-violent, peaceful protest, boycotts
- MLK, gifted speaker, inspiring, won noble peace in 1964
- Malcolm X, violent approach
- Malcolm X supported Nation Of Islam,
different black group fighting civil rights in US
- Black Panthers killed 2000 members and 9 polices officers
- MLK, non-violent, peaceful protest, boycotts
- The Civil Rights Act and events 1964-65
- November 1963, Kennedy assassinated
- His successor, Johnson, signed
Civil Rights Act, July 2nd 1964
- MLK encouraged blacks to vote, by 1966,
at least 43,000 blacks on electoral rolll
- 1965, MLK led match in Selma, Alabama, because
blacks weren't allowed to vote there authorities
banned it, but 600 went and were brutally attcked
- MLK'S march in Selma helped Johnson push through a
voting rights act in 1965, became law in 1968
- Voting rights act in 1968 also ended the
literacy tests many illiterate black had to take
- April 1968, MLK was assassinated,
probably by a hired killer
- November 1963, Kennedy assassinated
- Johnson and the 'Great Society'
- 1964 Civil Rights Act
- Immigration act 1965
- 1956, created 2 health-care programmes to
help elderly, families on low income
- minimum wage increased from 1.25 an hour to 1.40
- Elementary and Secondary Eduction Act 1965,
investing federal money into poor schools
- 1964 Civil Rights Act
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