COLD WAR - Basic Arguments

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Mind Map on COLD WAR - Basic Arguments, created by jamesletten on 05/14/2014.
jamesletten
Mind Map by jamesletten, updated more than 1 year ago
jamesletten
Created by jamesletten over 10 years ago
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Resource summary

COLD WAR - Basic Arguments
  1. Why did the Cold War Emerge?
    1. US Responsibility
      1. Truman Doctorine- Resulting action in Greece
        1. Cold War as ideological, ie Communism vs Capitalism
          1. Revisionsim - US policies as aggressive
            1. Change in Truman's foreign policy, less willing to negotiate
            2. Stalins Motives for Expansionsim
              1. Spreading World Revolution
                1. Traditional Russian Expansionism
                  1. Defensive actions to create buffer zone
                    1. Role of Personality
                    2. Historiography
                      1. Orthodox cirique of Revionism
                        1. 'Double Standards'
                        2. Application of this to Korean War
                          1. 'Local/Internal Factors' approach
                            1. Domestic pressure on Truman's policy
                              1. 'Foreign policy Straightjacket'
                        3. Post Stalin Thaw
                          1. Change of Leaderships, 1953
                            1. Space for reformists, eg: Malenkov and Beria
                              1. Ike's 'New Look' could reduce spending and show a tough stance
                              2. Why PC?
                                1. Consolidation of Blocs and acceptance of spheres
                                  1. Military and Economic - more money for arms race
                                    1. Malenkov's 'New Course' - reduced tensions would imporve domestics
                                      1. Destalinisation and 20th Party Congress Speech
                                      2. Immediate Impact of PC
                                        1. Austria State Treaty '55 - unification
                                          1. Soviet withdrawal from Finland
                                            1. Massive Retaliation - deterrence
                                              1. Brinkmanship - a gamble
                                                1. Quemoy and Matsu
                                                2. 'New Look'
                                                  1. 1954 = 12% US GNP on arms - NL saved money
                                                    1. Republican Ike more immune to charges of being 'too soft'
                                                      1. Spy planes confirmed US's military 'position of strength'
                                                    2. So was there a Thaw?
                                                      1. YES
                                                        1. Khrushchev visits Tito for 'approval' - 1956
                                                          1. Geneva Conference, 1955 - first since Potsdam
                                                            1. Khrushchev visits USA, 1959, drops Berlin ultimatum
                                                              1. Vienna Summit, 1961 - despite U2 incident
                                                                1. Destalinisation and end of Cominform
                                                                  1. Korean Ceasefire
                                                                    1. 'NL' reduced military spending
                                                                    2. NO
                                                                      1. Warsaw Pact, 1955
                                                                        1. Hungary, 1956
                                                                          1. Gaither Report, 1957
                                                                            1. 'Open skies' and and of NATO and W. Pact rejected at Geneva
                                                                              1. U2 incident
                                                                                1. Berlin crisis, 1958 - '61
                                                                                  1. Soviets exploited colonialism in SE Asia
                                                                                    1. "We will bury you" speech, 1956
                                                                                2. Arms Race and Nukes
                                                                                  1. Causes of Arms Race
                                                                                    1. International Tension - proxy Korea and Red China
                                                                                      1. National Pride - manifestation of CW as economic competition, "yardstick of ideologies"
                                                                                        1. Domestics - 'missile gap' and 'FP Straightjacket'
                                                                                          1. Mil - Industrial Complex - 1962 mil spending = $50 blln
                                                                                        2. Effect of Cuba (1962) on Superpower Relations
                                                                                          1. Dangers/ possible effectiveness of Brinkmanship
                                                                                            1. Short term FP success
                                                                                              1. Beginning of back-room negotiations
                                                                                                1. Demonstration of Khrushchev's unpredictability
                                                                                                2. Impact on Nature of CW
                                                                                                  1. Did not decrease conventional weapons as Ike hoped
                                                                                                    1. Impetus to adjust strategy that didn't rely in nuclear bluff
                                                                                                      1. Counterforce
                                                                                                        1. Importance of Limited Wars - flex. response
                                                                                                          1. Hotline and NTB Treaty, 1963
                                                                                                            1. Detente
                                                                                                            2. Huge economic cost, effect on domestic economies
                                                                                                              1. Did it Stabalise?
                                                                                                                1. YES
                                                                                                                  1. "Race better than a monopoly"
                                                                                                                    1. Cuba shows nukes could be used for bargaining only
                                                                                                                      1. Stimulated better relations after Cuba
                                                                                                                        1. Ensured small conflicts remained proxy
                                                                                                                          1. Economic confrontation = safer
                                                                                                                            1. Ensured respect for Spheres
                                                                                                                              1. US didn't intereve in Hungary 1956
                                                                                                                              2. Forced cooperation - removal of Turkish missiles
                                                                                                                                1. Success of brinkmanship at Quemoy and Matsu
                                                                                                                                2. NO
                                                                                                                                  1. Effect of race on Soviet economy
                                                                                                                                    1. Neglect of consumer goods/ unbalanced economy
                                                                                                                                    2. Encouraged brinkmanship and flexible response
                                                                                                                                      1. Increased defence spending
                                                                                                                                        1. Increased perceived aggression
                                                                                                                                      2. Encouraged encroachment into US sphere as short range missiles cheaper
                                                                                                                                        1. Didn't halt other competition, eg: 3rd World/ exploitation of Sino/Soviet Tensions
                                                                                                                                          1. More of reciprocal process - Gaither report, increased suspicion, aggression, etc
                                                                                                                                    3. Sino/Soviet Relations
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