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COLD WAR - Basic Arguments
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Mind Map on COLD WAR - Basic Arguments, created by jamesletten on 05/14/2014.
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jamesletten
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Resource summary
COLD WAR - Basic Arguments
Why did the Cold War Emerge?
US Responsibility
Truman Doctorine- Resulting action in Greece
Cold War as ideological, ie Communism vs Capitalism
Revisionsim - US policies as aggressive
Change in Truman's foreign policy, less willing to negotiate
Stalins Motives for Expansionsim
Spreading World Revolution
Traditional Russian Expansionism
Defensive actions to create buffer zone
Role of Personality
Historiography
Orthodox cirique of Revionism
'Double Standards'
Application of this to Korean War
'Local/Internal Factors' approach
Domestic pressure on Truman's policy
'Foreign policy Straightjacket'
Post Stalin Thaw
Change of Leaderships, 1953
Space for reformists, eg: Malenkov and Beria
Ike's 'New Look' could reduce spending and show a tough stance
Why PC?
Consolidation of Blocs and acceptance of spheres
Military and Economic - more money for arms race
Malenkov's 'New Course' - reduced tensions would imporve domestics
Destalinisation and 20th Party Congress Speech
Immediate Impact of PC
Austria State Treaty '55 - unification
Soviet withdrawal from Finland
Massive Retaliation - deterrence
Brinkmanship - a gamble
Quemoy and Matsu
'New Look'
1954 = 12% US GNP on arms - NL saved money
Republican Ike more immune to charges of being 'too soft'
Spy planes confirmed US's military 'position of strength'
So was there a Thaw?
YES
Khrushchev visits Tito for 'approval' - 1956
Geneva Conference, 1955 - first since Potsdam
Khrushchev visits USA, 1959, drops Berlin ultimatum
Vienna Summit, 1961 - despite U2 incident
Destalinisation and end of Cominform
Korean Ceasefire
'NL' reduced military spending
NO
Warsaw Pact, 1955
Hungary, 1956
Gaither Report, 1957
'Open skies' and and of NATO and W. Pact rejected at Geneva
U2 incident
Berlin crisis, 1958 - '61
Soviets exploited colonialism in SE Asia
"We will bury you" speech, 1956
Arms Race and Nukes
Causes of Arms Race
International Tension - proxy Korea and Red China
National Pride - manifestation of CW as economic competition, "yardstick of ideologies"
Domestics - 'missile gap' and 'FP Straightjacket'
Mil - Industrial Complex - 1962 mil spending = $50 blln
Effect of Cuba (1962) on Superpower Relations
Dangers/ possible effectiveness of Brinkmanship
Short term FP success
Beginning of back-room negotiations
Demonstration of Khrushchev's unpredictability
Impact on Nature of CW
Did not decrease conventional weapons as Ike hoped
Impetus to adjust strategy that didn't rely in nuclear bluff
Counterforce
Importance of Limited Wars - flex. response
Hotline and NTB Treaty, 1963
Detente
Huge economic cost, effect on domestic economies
Did it Stabalise?
YES
"Race better than a monopoly"
Cuba shows nukes could be used for bargaining only
Stimulated better relations after Cuba
Ensured small conflicts remained proxy
Economic confrontation = safer
Ensured respect for Spheres
US didn't intereve in Hungary 1956
Forced cooperation - removal of Turkish missiles
Success of brinkmanship at Quemoy and Matsu
NO
Effect of race on Soviet economy
Neglect of consumer goods/ unbalanced economy
Encouraged brinkmanship and flexible response
Increased defence spending
Increased perceived aggression
Encouraged encroachment into US sphere as short range missiles cheaper
Didn't halt other competition, eg: 3rd World/ exploitation of Sino/Soviet Tensions
More of reciprocal process - Gaither report, increased suspicion, aggression, etc
Sino/Soviet Relations
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