Globalisation quotes.

Migration.
1. Kakuma aid city (Kenya).
  1. Started 1992.
    1. Now contains 100,000 people.
      1. 'Larger than the Cities of Durham and Lincoln' Horn 2010.
        'Reflective of Dadaab refugee camp in the south which has now spread over Somali border' Horst 2011.
        3 Soloutions.
        Local integration: Marriage.
        Repatriation: Going back to own country.
        Global Resettlement.
      2. IOM & UNWFP key NGOs
        Millenium goal no 3. Develop education.
        No 2. Development of health.
    2. Lost boys of sudan
  2. Palestinian camps been in place since 1948.
2. Transnational Migrations.
  1. 'Ethnoscape' Appadurai 1990.
    1. 'Super diversity with migrations no longer being linked to race, nation gender and class' Vertovec 2007.
  2. Statistics
    1. 2004 Tsunami, 2013 Typhoon Phillipenes.
      1. Why people relocate
        Economic reasons.
        Environmental.
        Political.
        Developing countries support 80% of Asylum seekers.
        Of the rest.. 23% Germany, 19% France... 8.4% UK.
        366 dead, Lampedusa.
      2. 60% of eligible migrants to UK stay +5 years.
        Large in Migration than Out migration since 1990's.
        40% London 60% elsewhere.
        2004 EU accession countires.
        est 15,000... got 447,000 applied for WRS.
        62% Polish.
        Polish Unemployment 18.5%, 40% Youth.
        UK Wages 3x Polish ones.
Media
1. 'Global media are the new missionaries of corporate capital' Harman & McChesney 1997.
  1. Satalite TV introdcued to 165m new households between 1990- 1997.
  2. 80% of worlds news produced by 5 main corporations less than 25% of the news concerns LEDC's.
2. Traditional repelling of media and globalisation.
  1. 'Durability of the French film industry' Scott 2000.
  2. In uk BBC still owns large majority of TV coverage, 0.3% and 0.2% owned by MTV and Disney Channel.
    1. 'The daily reach of ITV and BBC outstrips the monthly reach of CNN throughout europe' Sparks 1998.
  3. Nations still control media, Burma, South Korea etc.
    1. ' New media technologies restrict and contest the Americanization of media' Nayak & Kehily 2013.
Sports mega-events and development.
1. 'They have turned the colonial game into an activity that was distinctly african' Alegi 2010.
2. 'Global mega events are short lived with extraordinary stature and future impacts' Roche 2003.
  1. 'The vuvuzela became a global icon' Tomlinson 2011.
    1. 'Mega events have both negative and positive impacts' Horne & Manzenreiter 2006'
      1. '£9.9 billon trade boost from London olympics' Johnson 2013.
  2. Mediatized global sports mega events' Roche 2003.
    1. 'Often the attraction of events is linked to the reimageing process linked to urban regeneration and tourism development' Gratton, Coleman 2005.
      1. 'The development model for sporting events is a paradoxical mix of state led development and neo-liberal governance' Manzo 2012.
        '8 0f 8 olympic park venues have been secured after the games within 1 year' Coe 2013.
        'Sports mega events are an inherently mixed blessing' Rogerson 2009.
Transnational Physical Culture.
1. 'Modernities across the world have co-evolved' Eisenstadt.
  1. Shmuel Eisenstadt 1923-2010.
  2. Contortionism & Yoga at same time.
2. 'First translated texts show a deep seated colonial hatred against yoga' Singleton 2010
  1. 'Yogins were traditional linked to black magic ' Ben Hoshour 2013.
    1. 'Until 1940 yoga in USA continued to be seen as mystical' Alter 2006.
      1. 'Marketed as a healthy lifestyle which became attractive to middle class women' Barley 2008.
        'Modern society can be judged by the level of the leisure class' Verblen 1925.
        Mollie Bagot Stack stretch and Swing system. 1925
        Monroe and Swanson.
        'Following introduction by Indra Devi for the home.
  2. ' Colonialism was seeing hindu as week and lethargic, yoga was therefore important to them to overturn this image' Singleton 2010.
    1. 'Yoga has nowadays toughened up based around sweat and commitment' Syman 2010.
      1. 'The re-appropriation of yoga bas simultaneously expressed the westernisation of the east and the easternization of the west' Askegaard & Eckhardt 2011.
        Swami Randev has renationalised yoga in India.
        More Spiritual.
      2. Bikram yoga.
        Ryan Giggs.
3. Eugene Sandow.
  1. 'Sandow traveled around the world preaching his gospel of health and strength' Budd 1977.
    1. ' K. V. Iyer published a book on Sandow.
    2. Ramesh Balsekar Spread Indian tradition in UK. Toured 30s/40s.
      1. Book called Streamlines.
Cosmoplitan dilemmas.
1. 'English villages want multicultural lifestyle yet still want the image of a traditional English village' May 1996.
2. 'I am a citizen of the world' Diogenes 5th Century.
  1. 'We are all cosmopolitan now, we can eat food and mix races all over the world' Jaques.
    1. 'To be cosmopolitan is to be civilised' Homi Bhabha.
3. 1st use.
  1. 'Capital is becoming more and more cosmopolitan' Mill 1948.
    1. 'the 18th century western world has given a cosmopolitan character in every country through its exploitation of the world market' Marx & Engles. 1848 Communist manifesto.
    2. ' Cosmopolitanism is now largely the project of capitalism' Calhoun 2002.
      1. Not true.
        ' Suggestions that cosmopolitan nations didn't even start in the capitalist modernised west, highlighted by the Ottoman Empire' Mandel 2008'
        14th-20th century. Budapest - Mecca.
Youth Culture.
1. 'Incresing levels of fordist transitions, schools, training schemes'. Wills 1977.
2. 'Increased risk in youth culture' Beck 1992.
  1. Women no longer confined to a 'culture of the bedroom' McRobbie 1978.
3. 'a shift from work places to cool places' Skelton & Valentine 1998.
  1. 'the corporate nighttime economy has become highly standardised' Hollands 2003.
4. Still desirable to be little meters in worker cities such as Sheffield' Taylor, Evans and Fraser 1996.
5. China and India
  1. 'Chinese youth now linked to sexual cosmopolitanism through urban music, not an effort to copy the west but develop their own culture based on youth interests'. Farrer 1999
  2. 'Youth culture in India has been more westernised based on the influx of western youth on the beaches of Goa... however this is more deeply divided due to religion and ideas of racial class and privilege' Saldanha 2005.
Asia.
1. Asian Century?
  1. 'The slacker west' Prashad 1999.
    1. 'Societies can go wrong quickly' Goh Chok Tong (Singapore PM).
      1. 'China and India are the world next global powers' Legace 2003.
        'The universal belief that the west has reached the cultural, technological limit and can no longer sustain it'. Chung 1998.
        Gini index suggests the two nations poverty gap is however increasing.
        China 1981- 29.1, 2005- 41.5.
        Lower the number = more equal.
        Of the combined population of 2.3 billion, 1.5 billon early less than $2 a day.
        'In order to achieve economic growth you have to sacrifice the environment, mental outlook and quality of life' Bonnett 2004.
  2. 'US and British societies have seen a rise in the last 30 years in come, teenage mothers, vandalism etc.' Bonnett 2004.
  3. China is now world 3rd biggest economy.
    1. 2030 predictions. 1. China, 2. USA, 3 India & 10 UK.
      1. India predicted to be 5th biggest within a decade.
    2. Growing by 9/10 % PA.
2. Modernity.
  1. 'West has peaked with a sense of exhaustion, however this is not seen in east Asia as they chase their own blend of modernity' Featherstone 1995.
    1. 'China's ancient modernity used to promote 2008 Olympics' Tzanelli 2010.
      1. Paper and water clock.
      2. 'Modernity in China is reflective of a confucious society drawn up in 500 BC' Cheng 2001.
        'Chinas own development of modernity has gained great support in China' Chang 2008.
        'Different civilisations have different religious cores, which leads to different pathways through modernity' Eisenstadt.
  2. Europe and colonialism
    1. ' The contradiction between modernised views and forced labour is alarming' Neumayer 2007.
  3. 'Modernisation is the total transformation of a traditional society into the characteristic 'stable societies' of the west' Moore 1963.
    1. 'Modernity is not only economic stability but also cultural and polital' Apter 1965.
      1. 'modernity should be seen as a political project to centre the west and marginalise the rest' Piot 1999.
3. A contested concept.
  1. 'Asia stopped at the Ural Mountains'. Tatischev.
    1. 'The expanse love for the ultimate and the universal is the common thought inheritance of every asiatic race' Okakura 1904.
      1. 'The modern towns are everywhere the same, they show now faces only masks' Tagore.
        'Bengal has not given Tagore to the west, more the west has Given Tagore to the Bengalise' Chandra 1922.
        ' I an oriental born and raised in China don't know what oriental civilisation is, Mr Tagore is a swindler' Shen Yen-ping Cited Hay 1970.
        4 tigers
        Late 80's early 90's.
        China followed.
        Now own 90% of East Asian economy
        Singapore
        South K
        Hong Kong
        Taiwan.
        4 tiger cubs.
        Thailand
        Indonesia
        Malaysia
        Tagore Knighted 1915.
      2. 36.4% of world pop in Ind and Chi
        Asia grew X4 in the last century.
    2. 'Japan is in danger of no longer being an authentic part of Asia' Tagore.
      1. 'Asian man is at heart persona religiosis' Anwar Ibraham, Malaysian deputy PM.
Introduction genreal.
1. 'Shrinking world' 'global village' McLuhan 1962.
  1. 'World may be getting smaller but is becoming interconnected and stretched' Giddens 1991
    1. 'Globalisation is a process of uneven development' Giddens 1991
    2. 'Edward Said's Orientalism is frequently taken as the starting point of post colonial studies' King 2003... It tells a great deal about the global development and the cultural history of the east, however it is also argued that Said's work tells us more about who we are as the west than what it actually tell us about the east' Ashcroft 2008.
      1. 'The orient is a western ideology' Said 1995.
  2. 'the world in one place' Liverpool city of culture strapline.
2. 'technological advances have lead to the annihilation of space' Leyshon 1955.
3. 'A borderless world, todays global economy is genuinely borderless' Ohme 1995.
4. 'Is globalisation really happening or is it a myth?' Hirst & Thompson 2000.

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