Main Phases of educational policy in Britain.

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Mind Map on Main Phases of educational policy in Britain., created by gloreearhbby on 05/21/2014.
gloreearhbby
Mind Map by gloreearhbby, updated more than 1 year ago
gloreearhbby
Created by gloreearhbby over 10 years ago
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Resource summary

Main Phases of educational policy in Britain.
  1. Selection: TRIPARTITE SYSTEM
    1. 1944: Butler Education Act.
      1. Introduced Grammar, Secondary Modern and Technical schools
        1. Grammar: Academic curriculum, access to non-manual work. Mainly m/c pupils
          1. Modern: Non-academic curriculum, access to manual-work, pupils who failed the 11+ & mainly w/c.
          2. Failed to promote meritocracy - reproduced class inequality.
            1. puts 2 social class into 2 different schools, offering unequal school opportunities.
            2. Increased school leaving age,
              1. Legitimated (via ideology) that ability is inborn rather its the environment and upbringing.
            3. 1965: Comprehensive System.
              1. Aimed to overcome class divide, abolished 11+ along with grammars and secondary modern - replaced with comprehensive schools.
                1. System still reproduces inequality
                  1. STREAMING: M/c placed in higher ability groups, streaming can lead to a SFP in which the achievements of the lower streams deteroriates.
                    1. LABELLING: No streaming? Well, teachers will label you anyway. W/c = labelled negatively and have restricted opportunities.
                    2. LEGITIMATED class inequality - esp through the myth of meritocracy.
                    3. Marketisation & parentocracy
                      1. 1988: Education Reform Act (ERA) {NEW RIGHTS}
                        1. Established the principle of marketisation in education (Thatcher)
                          1. Created a 'education market' by:
                            1. Reduces direct state control over education.
                              1. Increasing competition between schools and parental choice of schools.
                              2. Policies to promote marketisation include:
                                1. Publication of exam league tables & OFSTED reports = parents more informed, encourages competition.
                                  1. Business sponsorship of schools - technology schools.
                                    1. Open enrolment - more pupils
                                      1. Formula funding = schools receive same amount of funding for each pupil.
                                        1. Schools allowed to opt out of LEA control.
                                          1. MORE COMPETITION - attract more pupils.
                                        2. DAVID: Describes phase as parentocracy (rule by parents)
                                          1. Marketisation: Introducing market forces of consumer choice & competition.
                                            1. EVALUATION.
                                              1. Stephen Ball & Geoff Whitty: Marketisation reproduces & legitimates inequality (exam league tables & funding formula)
                                                1. EXAM LEAGUE TABLES: Allows schools to be more selective & recruit high achieving, mainly m/c
                                                  1. Schools w/ poor league table positions - can't afford to be selective and have to take w/c = poorer results and unattractive to m/c parents.
                                                  2. Funding formula: Popular schools get more funds and better facilities - popularity allows them to be selective and attracts more able and ambitious.
                                                  3. BALL: Myth of parentocracy - marketisation appears to allow all parents to have the same freedom and choice in their schools.
                                                    1. GERWITZ: Shows m/c have more economic and cultural capital = can take advantage.
                                                      1. LEE AND CAMPOS: M/C parents can move into school catchment areas.
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