Ancient Rome

Ancient Rome

The 3 key years in Ancient Rome are: 753 BC (foundation and Monarchy), 509 BC (Republic), 27 BC (Empire) and 476 AD (fall of the Western Roman Empire)
Monarchy (753 - 509 BC)
1. At the founding of its history, Rome was an absolute monarchy, which was sometimes given advice by the Senate.
  1. The Senate consisted of a small group of rich families known as Patricians. The people in the poorer group were called Plebeians. Plebeians had no rights, payed high taxes and served in the army.
  2. Rome had seven kings, the first 4 ones were Latini and the last 3 ones were Etruscans.
    1. In 509 BC, there was a revolt against the Etruscans, which led to the expulsion of Tarquin "The Proud"
Origins.
1. Rome has 2 different origins:
  1. Historical origin:
    1. On 753, BC, Latin tribes settled at the seven hills close to the Tiber River. This place was ideal because they were protected by the hills and river. This also was ideal because of the many trade routes that went through there.
  2. Mythological origin:
    1. In the mythological origin, Romulus and Remus founded Rome, which were raised by a wolf.
The Republic ( 509 - 27 BC)
1. During the Republic, there were 3 fundamental institutions:
  1. Popular assemblies: All the citizens as a social group. They passed laws and elected magistrates.
  2. Magistrates were responsible for government. Each magistrate's work lasted one year.
  3. The Senate was made up of 300 members who had been magistrates. They took important decisions, such as peace or war and controlled the magistrates' work.
2. Plebeians fought for right for 200 years, such as access to the magistracies, improved justice and abolishment of slavery.
  1. This caused patricians to create new magistracies, such as the Plebeian Tribunes and Plebeian Aediles. (494 BC)
    1. Plebeians also recieved access to the magistracies.
  2. Patricians also promulgated the Law of the 12 Tables, which was a written record of laws whch gave the plebeians rights. (451 BC)
  3. They got the right to name their own consuls. (367 BC)
3. Rome expanded its territory by subjugating Latins and conquering the Gauls, Latini and Greeks.
  1. (4th to 3rd centuries BC)
  2. After defeating the Phoenicians, they extended their empire to the Western Mediterranean.
    1. (3rd to 2nd centuries BC)
    2. Finally, they conquered Macedon, Greece and Syria.
      1. (2nd century BC - 2nd century AD)
The Empire (27 BC - 476 AD)
1. The first emperor was Octavius Augustus. The emperors controlled all powers. To improve the administration of territories, they divided the empire into provinces, which payed taxes to Rome. The conquests continued, and by the time of the Emperor Trajan (AD 98 - 177), the Empire reached its maximum point.
  1. Through the 1st and 2nd centuries AD, the Empire enjoyed a long period of peace known as the Pax Romana.
    1. Because of this, the economy and culture developed.
      1. It also helped Romanisation and caused more countries to speak Latin.
2. In the 3rd century AD, Rome faced a major crisis. The reasons included civil wars, attacks by Germanic Peoples, end of conquests and the abandonment of cities.
  1. So, in 395 AD, Theodosius I divided the empire in 2: The Western Empire and the Eastern empire. The Eastern Empire's capital was Constantinople.
    1. But, in 476, Romulus Augustus was dethroned, causing the Western Roman Empire to disappear.

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	Created by Andrés Narganes almost 7 years ago