Les pronoms personnels

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Mind Map on Les pronoms personnels, created by Julia Webster on 05/31/2014.
Julia Webster
Mind Map by Julia Webster, updated more than 1 year ago
Julia Webster
Created by Julia Webster almost 11 years ago
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Resource summary

Les pronoms personnels
  1. Types
    1. According to person
      1. 1st person pronouns
        1. 2nd person pronouns
          1. 3rd person pronouns
          2. According to position
            1. Disjunctive
              1. moi, toi, lui, elle, soi, nous, vous, eux, elles
                1. Characteristics
                  1. separated from the verb
                    1. usually refer to human beings
                    2. 'soi' is used in sentences whose subject is indefinite
                      1. Chacun pense d'abord à soi
                      2. Usage
                        1. Reinforcing the subject or the object of a verb: Moi, je préfère la bière
                          1. when a pronoun is co-ordinated with another noun or pronoun: Lui ou moi, nous le ferons
                            1. In the highlighting construction c'est..., c'était...: C'est toi qui es le plus fort
                              1. In sentences with no finite verb: Elle, jolie! Tu plaisantes.
                                1. After prepositions: ils se sont dirigés vers elles.
                                  1. After ne...que: Je n'ai regardé que toi
                              2. Conjunctive
                                1. subject pronouns
                                  1. je, tu, il, elle, on, nous, vous, ils, elles
                                    1. these always occur with a finite verb
                                    2. object pronouns
                                      1. me te se nous vous
                                        1. le la les
                                          1. lui leur
                                            1. y
                                              1. en
                                        2. the above arrangement directly reflects the order in which pronouns most often appear when more than one occur together. it is not possible to use more than one pronoun from the same column: Jean m'a présenté or Jean m'a présenté à vous BUT NOT Jean me vous a présenté.
                                          1. Object pronouns normally precede the verb with which they are associated: Je la vois/ Je veux la voir demain/ La voyez vous?
                                            1. BUT with IMPERATIVES which are NOT NEGATIVE an object pronoun FOLLOWS the verb: Prends-la but Ne la prends pas
                                            2. when more than one pronoun PRECEDES the verb, the pronouns follow the order indicated in the table: Je te le donne/ Elle les lui rend/ Ils m'en ont offert/ Vous ne le leur avez pas envoyé
                                              1. When pronouns FOLLOW the verb (in imperatives which are not negative) there are two points to be noted:
                                                1. the pronouns 'me 'te' are changed into 'moi 'toi', except before 'y' or 'en' where they emerge as m'y, m'en, 'ty, t'en: Dépêche-toi BUT Ne te dépêche pas, Parlez-moi BUT Ne me parlez pas, Donnez-moi des biscuits BUT Donnez-m'en
                                                  1. If there is more than one pronoun, a slightly different order is used. The pattern here is that THE DIRECT OBJECT PRECEDES THE INDIRECT OBJECT: Donnez-le-moi (Ne me le donnez pas), Offrez-les-vous (Ne vous les offrez pas)
                                                2. Conjunctive personal pronouns and the verbs faire, laisser and verbs of perception
                                                  1. When a verb is followed by a dependent infinitive, an object conjunctive pronoun will normally precede the infinitive: Je veux le voir, elle allait les regarder attentivement, ils puvaient la comprendre...
                                                    1. When faire, laisser or a verb of perception (voir, regarder, entendre, écouter, sentir...) is followed by a dependent infinitive, the object pronoun is moved back to precede the finite verb: Il fera construire la tour - Il la fera construire/ Elle laisse partir les deux enfants - Elle les laisse partir
                                                      1. Special case with FAIRE: If faire itself has a direct object, it will precede faire. If both faire and the following dependent infinitive have an object, then the object of faire takes the form of an indirect object pronoun: I made the boys sing - J'ai fait chanter les garçons/ I made them sing - Je les ai fait chanter/ I made them sing a song - Je leur ai fait chanter une chanson/ I made them sing it - Je la leur ai fait chanter
                                                3. LES PRONOMS
                                                  1. Demonstrative pronouns: Ces pâtisseries
                                                    1. Relative pronouns: la personne qui me regarde
                                                      1. Possessive pronouns: la leur est magnifique
                                                        1. Reflexive pronouns: nous nous souvenons
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