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959134
P1.1.3 Energy transfer by heating (cont)
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GCSE Physics (P1.1 Infrared Radiation) Mind Map on P1.1.3 Energy transfer by heating (cont), created by fampulli on 06/01/2014.
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physics
p1.1 infrared radiation
gcse
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fampulli
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fampulli
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Resource summary
P1.1.3 Energy transfer by heating (cont)
energy transfer by design
factors which affect the rate of heat energy transfer
surface area and volume
heat energy is radiated from the surface of an object
thus, the bigger the surface area (s.a.), the more infrared waves that can be emitted from (or absorbed by) the surface
so, the quicker the transfer of heat
applications of this
'fins'
for heat sinks in computers, and car and motorbike engines, increasing the the s.a., so transfer and therefore heat loss is quicker
If temp and s.a are constant, a smaller volume- greater rate of heat energy transfer
as more of the object will be in contact with the surroundings
heat sinks have large s.a's so they can transfer heat energy as quickly as possible away from e.g. computer components
the material from which the object is made from
Objects made from good conductors (like metals) transfer heat energy away more quickly than insulating materials (like plastic)
the nature of the surface with which the object is in contact
Again, if the object is in contact with a good conductor, as opposed a good insulator, the heat will be conducted away much faster
some devices are designed to limit transfer
vacuum flasks
double-walled with a vacuum between the walls
stops all conduction and convection through the sides
walls are silvered
keeping heat loss by radiation to a minimum
insulating foam
minimises conduction through it
plastic stopper filled with cork or foam
Animal adaptations for energy transfer
fur (some animals) and hairs (humans) 'stand up' in cold weather
trapping a thicker layer of insulating air around the body
and limiting the amount of heat loss by convection
Too warm: blood diverts more blood to flow near the surface of the skin
so your skin might appear pink
increasing the amount of heat lost by radiation
relative ear sizes
Arctic foxes have evolved small ears
with a small surface are to minimise heat loss by radiation
and conserve body heat
Desert foxes have huge ears
with a large surface area to allow them to maximise heat loss
and keep cool
generally, animals in warmer climates have larger ears than those in cold climates, to help them control heat transfer
the bigger the temperature difference between an object and its surroundings, the faster the rate at which energy is transferred by heating
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