6 Executive Powers of the President

Executive Orders
1. Head of Govt
2. Chief Legislator
3. Directives issued requiring that action is stopped or taken, alter policy, change management practices or take a delegation in priority.
  1. Informal but published in federal register so informal
    1. Travel Ban
Presidential Memoranda
1. Internal directive to executive branch officials
  1. Not published
    1. Below the radar of Congress and media
      1. Trump has issued 25. - 8. "Rebuilding the US armed forces"
2. Head of Govt
  1. Partly Chief Legislator
Presidential Proclamations
1. Stated a condition, declares law and requires obedience or recognizes an event (also pardons
  1. Binding on the public
    1. Published
      1. Trump has declared 36
2. Head of Govt
  1. Chief Legislator
National Security Directives (NSD)
1. Formal declaration to an agency or dept head of a presidential national security decision, requiring a follow up.
2. Designed at the National Security Council
  1. Not Published
    1. Mostly Classified
    2. SIde-steps Congress
3. Commander-in-chief
Impoundment
1. The President refuses to spend funds appropriated by Congress
  1. Congress has restricted this practice - 1974 and 1987
    1. He can only defer spending if:
      1. A "special contingency"
      2. To achieve savings through more efficient operations
      3. He can only rescind funds, but Congress must approve within 45 days
      4. Head of Govt
        Chief Legislator
Signing Statements
1. Traditionally innocuous
  1. Since 1980s, provides the president's interpretation of the law, announce Constitutional limits on implementation of it, or indicate directions about how to administer it.
    1. Since 1986, part of official legislative history
      1. Used as de facto line item since Reagan

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6 Executive Powers of the President

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	Created by Tom Sutton about 9 years ago