Changing the way you learn

Heart disease

Risk Factors
1. Smoking
  1. Carbon Monoxide
    1. combines with haemoglobin - carboxyhaemoglobin
      1. Reduces O2 carrying capacity of blood.
        Heart works harder - ^ BP
  2. Nicotine
    1. Stimulates adreneline
      1. ^ BPM & BP
2. High BP
  1. Heart works harder
  2. More likely to cause anneurysm
    1. Haemorrage
  3. To resist higher BP, arteries thicken- restrict blood flow
3. Cholesterol
  1. LDLs
    1. Atheroma
4. Diet
  1. High salt - high BP
  2. High saturated fat - high LDL
Atheroma
1. 1) Begins as fatty streaks
  Annotations:
  - accumulations of WBC taking up LDLs
2. 2) Streaks enlarge -> Atheromatous plaque
3. 3) Bulge into lumen of artery - narrows
4. Increase risk of thrombosis & anneurysm
Thrombosis
1. 1) If atheroma breaks through lining of blood vessel = rough surface
2. 2) Blood clot (thrombus)
3. 3) Reduces blood supply - deprived region dies
4. 4) Sometimes thrombus carried off - blocks another artery
Aneurysm
1. 1) Atheromas weaken artery walls
2. 2) Weakened points swell to form aneurysm
3. 3)Frequently burst - haemorrage
4. Brain = stroke
Myocardial infarction
1. 1) Blockage in coronary artery
2. 2) heart stops as blood supply cut off if close to junction of CA and Aorta
3. 3) If further along - milder symptoms as smaller area will suffer O2 deprivation

Heart disease

	Created by Jody Lelean-Smith over 11 years ago