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Clinical Characteristics of Schizophrenia
- According to the DSM-IV
- Diagnostic Statistical Manual
- American
- American
- list of symptoms which enables diagnosis of
mental illnesses/ pyschopathology
- Problems with: 1) Attention 2) Thinking 3) Social Relationships 4) Motivation 5) Emotion
- 1) unable to
selectively attend
- 2) "can't think straight"
- thoughts go off at
tangents
- 3) withdraws from
contact with others
- 4) general apathy
- 5) over sensitive
- 1) unable to
selectively attend
- Problems with: 1) Attention 2) Thinking 3) Social Relationships 4) Motivation 5) Emotion
- Diagnostic Statistical Manual
- 1) must have 2+ symptoms & present for
a significant period of time - over one month
- Positive
- 2) delusions
- "Of Grandeur"
- e.g. more important than
they are - celebrities are
their friends
- e.g. more important than
they are - celebrities are
their friends
- "Of Persecution"
- e.g. think people are conspiring against them
- e.g. think people are conspiring against them
- " Of Control"
- e.g. thinks they have more control over a
situation than they actually do
- they're the ones controlling it
- they're the ones controlling it
- e.g. thinks they have more control over a
situation than they actually do
- "Of Grandeur"
- 1) hallucinations
- eg: auditory - hearing voices discouraging them
- eg: auditory - hearing voices discouraging them
- 6) disorganised speech
- to the extent you can't make sense of their speech
- to the extent you can't make sense of their speech
- 3) grimacing
- distortion of the face
- distortion of the face
- 4) neologism
- made- up words
- made- up words
- 5) catatonic behaviour (rigid)
- unresponsive - just sit there
aren't interacting
- unresponsive - just sit there
aren't interacting
- 2) delusions
- Negative
- lack of emotion
- lack of motivation
- speaking little or uninformatively
- lack of volition
- apathy & social withdrawal
- apathy= lack of interest, enthusiasm, or concern.
- apathy= lack of interest, enthusiasm, or concern.
- apathy & social withdrawal
- lack of emotion
- only one symptom is needed - if delusions = bizarre
- or - hallucinations = voice commenting on the
individual's behaviour
- or - hallucinations = voice commenting on the
individual's behaviour
- Positive
- 2) Continuous signs of
disturbance over a period of at
least 6 months
- 3) Social and/or occupational dysfunction or poor functioning
- 5 Main types of Schizophrenia
- 1) Disorganised
- delusions, hallucinations,
incoherent speech, mood
swings
- delusions, hallucinations,
incoherent speech, mood
swings
- 2) Catatonic
- immobility & staring blankly
- don't move, hard to get any kind of reaction out of
- don't move, hard to get any kind of reaction out of
- immobility & staring blankly
- 3) Paranoid
- delusions
- delusions
- 4) Undifferentiated
- broad category - whose who don't fit into others
- broad category - whose who don't fit into others
- 5) Residual
- mild symptoms
- mild symptoms
- 1) Disorganised
- 1/3
- 1/3 = single episode
- brief period then
fully recover
- 1/3 = occasional episodes
throughout life
- 1/3 = deteriorate over a
series of episodes
- ie. get worse and worse
- ie. get worse and worse
- 1/3 = single episode
- brief period then
fully recover
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